GAIMS Journal of Medical Sciences

Bacterial Isolates and Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Sterile Body Fluids from Tertiary Hospital in Saurashtra Region: A One-Year Retrospective Study

Tue, 08 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background
Body fluids obtained from sterile body sites are often expected to be devoid of any pathogenic or commensal microorganisms. The cause of infected body fluids could be any pathological agents or skin contaminants that may be harbored in intensive care units. This study identifies commonly isolated bacteria from the body fluid samples along with their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.

Methods
All body fluid samples (except blood, and CSF) which were received in the Bacteriology section of the Department of Microbiology in our tertiary care center of Saurashtra region between June 2021 to June 2022 were included in the study. All microorganisms obtained from bacterial culture were subjected to identification by using conventional methods and standard biochemical tests were done to aid identification. Antibiotic sensitivity testing by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion test and the results were analyzed.

Results
Out of 250 samples of body fluids, 72 (28.80%) showed bacterial growth on culture. Male predominance among patients was seen. Patients falling between the age group of 41-50 show maximum positivity and the ratio of prevalence of infection in the young and old patients seems to be nearly similar (52% in patients less than 50 years of age and 48% in patients elder than 50 years) Escherichia-coli was the most commonly isolated bacteria (27.77%) which was followed by Pseudomonas (25 %) and Klebsiella pneumonia (22.2 %).

Conclusions
This study shows the spectrum of bacterial isolates observed from body fluid samples received in our laboratory and helps in the empirical treatment of patients based on antibiotic susceptibility patterns. It also highlights the importance of adhering to antibiotic sensitivity results in reducing the empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics abuse and infection control practices to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant infection in the hospital environment.

The Prevalence of Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) in Gram Negative Bacilli and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern at Tertiary Care hospital, Vadodara

Nisarg Trivedi, Mitesh Kamothi, Bhavesh Gohil, Hitesh Assudani — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is the major threat due to broad spectrum antimicrobials are being used in community practice. The Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) in gram negative bacteria have emerged as a major cause of health care associated infections. They hydrolyse all beta-lactam antibiotics including extended spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems at the same time it is not inhibited by serine beta-lactamase inhibitors like clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam and are resistant to many antibiotics. The present study is aimed to determine the prevalence of Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) in gram negative bacilli and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern at tertiary care hospital, Vadodara.

Material and methods: Total 1350 Clinical specimens were included in the study. The isolates were identified as per standard microbiological procedures od the laboratory such as staining, colony morphology & biochemical reactions. All the isolates were subjected to antibiogram study for the antibiotics plus a phenotypic screening test for MBL was done by disc diffusion test using single Imipenem disc by modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. 117 Imipenem resistant isolates were tested for MBL by Imipenem EDTA combined disc synergy test as a confirmatory test.

Results: The prevalence of MBL producing isolates were 6.39%. Maximum number of MBL producers were isolated from the Medicine ward (19, 40.42%) and ICU (11, 23.40%). Maximum number of Specimens containing MBL producers were Pus and Swab (19, 40.42%) followed by Sputum (13, 27.65%). The most common bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli (311) followed by Klebsiella spp. (224) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (97). The prevalence of MBL production were more common in Pseudomonas spp. (20 out of 97, 20.61%) followed by Acinetobacter spp. (3 out of 19, 15.78%). Polymyxin B and Colistin were the most effective drugs against MBL producers.

Conclusion: Prevalence of MBL in our study is 6.39%, which are multidrug resistance though Polymyxin–B and Colistin is still effective treatment option. So there is a need to do surveillance to detect MBL producers, judiciously use Carbapenems along with Antimicrobial Stewardship to prevent their spread.

Health Status of Anganwadi Workers in an Urban Area-A Cross Sectional Study

Jayalekshmi CS, Geetanjali Joshi, Harish Patil, Ravindra Gurav — Sun, 04 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Anganwadi workers have been the frontline workers providing a package of services to the children below 6 years of age, females in the reproductive age group, pregnant and lactating mothers under the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme. Promoting the health and socio-demographic status of this frontline force is critical to improve the delivery of services.

Material and methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in June, 2024 among 48 Anganwadi workers working in the catchment area of urban health training center of Rajiv Gandhi Medical College, Thane. The purposive sampling technique was used to conduct the study. Socio-demographic profile and health status of the Anganwadi workers was recorded in pre-designed and pre-tested proforma by interviewing them. The data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed. The results were interpreted using SE (p1-P2) test of significance. The statistical level of significance was fixed at p<0.05.

Results: 48 Anganwadi workers were included in the study. 08(16.67%) subjects were in the age group of 18-40 years while 40 (83.33%) were in the age group of > 40-58 years. Of the 48 subjects, 38 (79.17%) were having one or more health problems at the time of study (p<0.05). Of the 38 (79.17%) subjects with one or more health problems, 31(81.58%) were suffering from non-communicable diseases and 07 (18.42%) were suffering from communicable diseases (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Previous studies done on Anganwadi workers have focused primarily on the efficiency of service delivery. This study focuses on their socio-demographic and health issues. We observed, majority of the Anganwadi workers were suffering from non-communicable diseases.

Evaluation of Educational & Social Environment among Undergraduate Medical Students

Sanjiv Kumar, Surabhi Gupta — Mon, 19 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: A healthy and favorable educational and social environment in any institution is always a boon for overall growth of the institute and its students. For this, globally recognized DREEM questionnaire as quantitative analysis tool and Focused Group Discussion(FGD) as qualitative analysis tools are used to evaluate educational and social environment of undergraduate MBBS students.

Material and Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted by using DREEM questionnaire and Focused Group Discussion among the undergraduate MBBS students and faculty of Subharti Medical College, Meerut (UP).

Results: According to the Global educational environment index by DREEM analysis for undergraduate students fell into the third category across all domains (Student Perception of Learning, Student Perception of Teachers, Student Academic Self-Perception, Student Perception of Environment and Student Social Self-Perception). Total DREEM score obtained in our survey was 174.73 out of 250 (around 70%) which reflect that educational and social environment in the institute are at par with other medical colleges. Focused Group Discussion with students and teachers resulted in candid feedback related to confidence building, fruitful teaching, learning methods and feedback.

Conclusion: DREEM survey and FGD are very good tools for analysis of educational and social environment and can point out the lacunas and their remedies also.

Epidemiological Determinants of Unmet Need for Family Planning Among Eligible Couples in Ahmedabad

Ashadevi H Sisodiya, Fatema Kachhawala , Aparajita Shukla — Sat, 07 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background
The unmet need for family planning (FP) refers to the disparity between reproductive intentions and contraceptive behavior. According to NFHS-5, the total unmet need for FP is 10.3% among newly married couples in Ahmadabad, with higher rates in rural (10.8%) than urban (9.7%) areas of Gujarat. This study is conducted to identify the epidemiological determinants of unmet need for family planning among eligible couples in Ahmadabad and assess of U-PHC for provision of family planning services.

Methodology
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among married women (18-49 years) in 7 AMC zones. Stratified cluster sampling (n=900) was used, with 30 women selected from each of 30 UHCs, representing slum, slum-like, and non-slum areas. One-on-one interviews were conducted using an open-ended questionnaire." Interview of MO with filling up of checklists of 14 UPHC from 7 zones of AMC (2 centers each).

Results
Among married women, 74% expressed demand for family planning, with 67% seeking spacing and 7% seeking limiting. Nonusers exhibited an unmet need 30%, associated with significantly poorer FP knowledge (p < 0.05)." All 14 centers had organized an average 137 health and nutrition day in last 3 months; FP and methods of contraception were discussed by ANM. Supervision and counselling of FP found poor.

Conclusions
The study found a 30% unmet need for family planning among participants, with significant knowledge gaps, building and infrastructure is good in all except one U-PHC. Supervision found to be poor in all selected U-PHC’s.

Epidemiology and Analysis of Mortality in Tertiary Care Hospital in a Metropolitan City, India: A Record Based Study

Vrushali Vishal Kulkarni, Amit Yadav — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Mortality statistics are essential for understanding population health, guiding public health efforts, and tracking disease trends. In India, reliable mortality data is often insufficiently documented and analyzed, limiting its utility for identifying leading causes of death.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on patient death records from 2018 to 2023 at a tertiary care hospital, excluding incomplete records. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 and MS-Excel, applying descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to assess associations at a 5% significance level.

Results: From 2018 to 2023, 9,087 deaths were recorded, with a peak in 2020. Non-communicable diseases had the highest mortality share (52.67%–58.75%), followed by communicable diseases (13.05%–21.25%) and postmortem cases (20.49%–26.43%). The mortality trend was significantly linear (p < 0.0001). Most deaths occurred in adults (15–60 years), with no significant gender association. A shift in disease patterns was noted, with communicable diseases peaking in 2020.

Conclusion: This study highlights non-communicable diseases as the leading cause of mortality, with a 2020 spike in communicable diseases, seasonal variations, and a predominance of adult deaths, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and targeted interventions.

Cytology’s New Frontier: The Sydney System’s Innovative Approach to Lymph Node Diagnosis

Nidhi Choudhari, Meghashree V, Vidhya Subramaniam, Sudha M, Prajna K S — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: FNAC is the first diagnostic step in patients with lymphadenopathy because of its simplicity and minimal invasive nature which helps to confirm the clinical suspicion. A definite specific diagnosis may not be possible in a few cases but a categorization of disease and differential diagnosis can help suggest the most efficient further investigations, saving time and resources. The aim of this study was to ascertain the system’s applicability and precision in the diagnosis of lymph node cytology.

Material and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study on lymph node cytology samples collected between January 2024 and June 2024, categorizing results into five groups (L1-L5) according to the Sydney System. Cytological findings were validated against histopathological results and relevant clinical data that prompted FNA procedures. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and malignancy risk estimates.

Results: 60 cases were evaluated by FNAC. Out of this 44 were benign cases, 16 cases were of Reactive lymphadenitis, 24 cases of Granulomatous/Tuberculous lymphadenitis and 4 cases were of Acute suppurative lymphadenitis. Out of 16 malignant cases, 1 case was of Non Hodgkins lymphoma, 2 case was of Hodgkins lymphoma and 13 cases were of metastatic carcinoma.

Conclusion: The Sydney system was used for clinicopathological diagnosis of patients presenting with lymphadenopathy and was found to be a reliable tool for evaluation of risk of malignancy and its subsequent management of the patient.

Turn Around Time (TAT): The Critical Link Between Laboratory Testing and Patient Outcome

Darshan Patel, Dinesh Sharma — Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Turnaround time (TAT) in a clinical biochemistry laboratory refers to the total time taken from when a test is ordered to when the result is reported back to the clinician. The study aims to evaluate the TAT time of the clinical biochemistry lab, assessing the pre-analytical and post-analytical phases' relative contributions to the TAT in comparison to the analytical phase and determining the quantity of samples reported outside the specified TAT. A number of actions that could shorten the turnaround time overall were also assessed.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted at GKGH Hospital, Kachchh, a district hospital, to evaluate the turnaround time (TAT) on samples analyzed in the clinical Biochemistry laboratory. In the present study, TAT was evaluated for parameters such as RFT (Renal Function Test), SGPT (Serum glutamate Pyruvate transaminase), Electrolytes, Troponin, and ABG (Arterial Blood Gas analyzer). The samples were collected from the OPD and IPD. The clinical Biochemistry is equipped with Vitros DTS 5600 and 7600, a dry test-based auto-analyzer.

Results: In the present study, the mean and SD were observed in case of RFT TAT was 78 ±41, SGPT TAT was 103±54, Troponin TAT was 78±33, ABG test TAT was 15±12, Electrolytes TAT was 76 ± 42.

Conclusion: In the present study, Evaluation of TAT of basic emergency parameters, which are common tests done in the laboratory. We noticed the major cause of delayed TAT time is pre-analytic steps. By improving the phlebotomy procedure, sample transport flow, and sample preparation steps, the TAT time can be improved significantly.

Study of Eosinophil Count by Indirect Method in Medical Students of a Medical College in North-East India

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Eosinophils are granulocytes with normal count in between 200-500 per cubic millimeter. Exceeding this range is referred to as eosinophilia. Eosinophilia may be an incidental finding but mostly it is due to parasitic infestation, allergy disorder etc. This study was therefore done to determine the incidence of eosinophilia among the student volunteers and to find out the difference in eosinophil count between normal and eosinophilia cases.

Material and Methods: This study was done in Dept. of Physiology, Jorhat Medical College. Eighty newly admitted student volunteers of age 17-25 years were taken for the study. 3 ml of blood was collected from each subject. Total and Differential Leucocyte count (DLC) were measured. Thereafter using these two, the Eosinophil Count was measured by Indirect Method. Descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation were calculated using MS Excel. Student’s Unpaired t- test was used to compare data and P value <0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: Distribution on the basis of eosinophil count showed that 76 students (95%) had normal count while 4 students (5%) had mild eosinophilia. There was significant difference in eosinophil count between the two groups (p value <0.0001).

Conclusion: Eosinophilia may be associated with parasitic infections, skin diseases and allergic disorders. Thus, necessary investigations and proper history count should be carried out to evaluate any cases of eosinophilia.

The Effectiveness of ICL Implantation in Treating Moderate to High Myopia: Analyzing Changes in Anterior Chamber Parameters

Ankit S Varshney, Rumana Z Patel, Najwa Mansuri — Fri, 04 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation in correcting moderate to high myopia, with a particular focus on its impact on anterior segment parameters, including anterior chamber depth (ACD), intraocular pressure (IOP), and endothelial cell density.

Material and methods: A prospective, interventional observational study was conducted at a tertiary eye care center from August 2023 to May 2024. Twenty-six patients (44 eyes), aged 18 to 35 years, underwent ICL implantation. Preoperative and one-month postoperative measurements included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent (SE), IOP, ACD, central corneal thickness (CCT), and endothelial cell counts. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and ANOVA with IBM SPSS version 25.

Results: The mean preoperative SE improved from −11.49 ± 4.78 D to −0.87 ± 0.40 D postoperatively (p < 0.001). UDVA improved significantly from 0.11 ± 0.035 to 0.87 ± 0.23 (p < 0.001), and CDVA improved from 0.85 ± 0.23 to 1.0 ± 0.18 (p < 0.001). No statistically significant change in IOP was observed (p = 0.2). ACD decreased significantly from 3.32 ± 0.24 mm to 2.59 ± 0.28 mm (p < 0.0001). Endothelial cell count showed a slight but non-significant decrease (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: ICL implantation is a safe and effective option for correcting moderate to high myopia, with significant improvements in visual acuity and acceptable changes in anterior chamber parameters. Ongoing monitoring of anterior segment structures is recommended for long-term safety evaluation.

A Single-Center Case Series of Hereditary Ataxia from Gujarat: Clinical and Genetic Data

Pranav Joshi, Shalin Shah, Mukesh Sumra, Sudhir Shah — Wed, 23 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Hereditary or genetic ataxia is a group of neurodegenerative conditions, characterized by progressive imbalance and ataxia, with convergent clinical profiles. Limited data on the prevalence and subtypes are available from Gujarat due to a lack of an ataxia registry or studies.

Objective: To study clinical and genetic characteristics in patients with hereditary ataxia from Gujarat state.

Material and Methods: This prospective observational study included and evaluated chronic cerebellar ataxia patients with suspected hereditary etiology. Based on the clinical findings, molecular analysis was performed using PCR-based trinucleotide repeat analysis for a single specific genotype, a selected panel, or a broader whole-exome sequencing method.

Results: We identified 65 patients with possible genetic ataxia over 2 years. Forty-nine patients from this subgroup underwent genetic testing and obtained positive results in 29 patients. Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 2 was the most common type (31%) of Autosomal Dominant ataxia, and Friedreich’s ataxia (FA) was the most common Autosomal Recessive ataxia (13.8%). SCA patients had onset in the 2^nd decade onwards and had strong positive family history, while FA patients had onset in the 1^st decade. Clinical features were overlapping and nonspecific for the subtype of ataxia. Apart from incoordination, the most common clinical findings were eye signs, pyramidal tract involvement and peripheral neuropathy.

Conclusion: Our Gujarat state cohort of hereditary ataxia resembles genotypic and clinical characteristic data from other studies in western India. We noted clinical phenotypic overlap in all subtypes of hereditary ataxia, which calls for molecular genetic testing for diagnosis.

Evaluation of Complete Immunization Coverage and Effect of Migratory Factors on Immunization Coverage of Children Residing at Construction Sites in Rajkot City, Gujarat

Kshama Gajera, Harsha Solanki, Nilesh Fichadiya, Bhargav Dave — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Immunization is one of the most effective public health interventions, yet children of migrant construction workers often remain under-immunized due to unique socio-demographic and logistical barriers. This study aimed to evaluate complete immunization coverage and examine the effect of migratory factors on immunization among children residing at construction sites in Rajkot city, Gujarat.

Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 in the field practice area of a community medicine department under Rajkot Municipal Corporation. A total of 244 children residing at construction sites were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data on sociodemographic, immunization status, and migration history were collected and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.

Results: Full immunization coverage among the study population was 39.75%, while complete immunization coverage was 30.33%. Zero-dose prevalence was 12.7%. A statistically significant association was observed between immunization coverage and factors such as gender (p=0.00), birth order (p=0.00), and number of migrations (p=0.00), while place of migration showed no significant effect (p=0.23). The most common barriers to immunization were parental unawareness about vaccination sites (33.20%) and schedules (23.77%), followed by fear of wage loss due to post-vaccination illness (19.67%).

Conclusions: Children of migrant construction workers in Rajkot city have considerably lower immunization coverage compared to district and national averages. Strengthening mobile outreach, increasing parental awareness, flexible session timings, and introducing incentives to offset wage loss could significantly improve immunization uptake among this vulnerable population.

Correlation of Gestational Age Assessed by Last Menstrual Period, Antenatal Ultrasonography and New Ballard Score

Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Determining gestational age (GA) significantly influences the prognosis of newborns. Of the various methods available for gestational age assessment, gestational age assessment by first trimester ultrasonography (USG) as the most reliable method gestational and by LMP (last menstrual period), is next best surrogate. In remote areas and rural settings in Low and Middle Income Countries, the reliability of LMP based GA assessment is questionable due to low literacy rates and less awareness among women and USG is not cost effective. In such a scenario, GA assessment by clinical methods like New Ballard Score (NBS) seems an attractive alternative. Hence this study was conducted to compare the reliability of GA assessments by LMP and NBS as compared to 1^st trimester ultrasonography in our institute.

Methods: This was a prospective study carried out at neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital of western Gujarat, India, from August 2022 to July 2023. A total of 200 neonates with mother having first trimester scan and who recalls LMP were recruited for the study. Gestational age according to first trimester scan was calculated and compared with gestational age according to LMP and NBS.

Results: Gestational age by UGS with NBS show significant correlation (p value <0.001) Gestational age by LMP with NBS show significant correlation (p value <0.001) Significant correlation was also observed between gestational age accessed by LMP, first trimester USG and NBS (p value <0.001) Gestational age by UGS with NBS which gave a higher correlation (r = 0.886), Correlation among all three gestational age by LMP, USG and NBS which came out to be lower than previous (r =0.545) and at last Correlation amongst gestational age according to LMP and NBS came out to be lowest (r =0.540). Hence, gestational age by USG comes out to be most similar with gestational age by NBS.

Conclusions: In low resource settings and in public sector hospitals, GA assessment by NBS is a more reliable option than LMP, and it closely correlates with GA assessed by USG.

A Prescription Audit Utilizing the World Health Organization Recommended Key Medication Use Indicators at a Tertiary Care Hospital, India

Fri, 12 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Inappropriate drug usage is a global health issue, particularly in developing nations like India. Irrational drug use has a negative impact on both health and medical expenses. Prescription auditing is a crucial method for raising the standard of prescriptions, which raises the standard of care provided. The current study was conducted to evaluate the rational use of pharmaceuticals for completeness, readability, and against the key drug use indicators specified by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Material and methods: In the surgery department, 300 prescriptions were chosen at random from the medical records for a cross-sectional retrospective analysis, regardless of the patient's diagnosis or characteristics. The WHO core drug use indicators, medical components, and general information were assessed for each prescription. Using Microsoft Excel, the collected data were tallied and shown as descriptive statistics. SPSS version 25 was used for analysis.

Results: General information is included with every prescription. 67 percent of prescriptions were written under a generic name, while 85.6% of prescriptions included the diagnosis. On average, 11.45 prescription drugs were written. In 53.8% of prescriptions, the clinical examination was mentioned; however, in 94% of prescriptions, the history of allergy was not included.

Conclusion: According to WHO-recommended parameters for quality improvement, our study emphasises the necessity of providing our prescribing physicians with detailed prescription writing training.

Region and Rabies: A Review of Geographical Variations, Challenges and Strategies for Control

Bharti Koria — Sat, 02 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Rabies, one of the oldest known zoonotic diseases, continues to claim thousands of lives every year—despite being entirely preventable. It disproportionately affects populations in Asia and Africa, particularly in low-resource rural regions where dog-mediated transmission remains endemic. This review explores the interplay between regional contexts and rabies epidemiology, highlighting disparities in disease burden, surveillance capacity, vaccine access, health infrastructure, and cultural beliefs. It also outlines successful regional interventions, emphasizing the need for geographically tailored strategies. With the global “Zero by 30” goal in sight, addressing these regional dynamics is key to achieving equitable and sustainable rabies elimination.

Warty Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Anogenital Region: A Case Report in an HIV-positive Patient

Deepthy Vijayaraghavan, Neha Betty Issac — Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Venereal infections significantly contribute to the development of anogenital cancers, and Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease worldwide. Warty squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely rare aggressive variant that generally occurs in the severely immunosuppressed at sites like the anogenital and genito-urethral regions. Though its etiology is thought to be multifactorial, 95% cases are attributed to HPV infection. Of the various subtypes, the high-risk HPV serotypes, particularly HPV16 and18, are the main risk factors for warty carcinoma.

We present the case of a 58-year-old male who came with complaints of a painful perineal lesion of three months duration. He is a known HIV-positive patient and has been on active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen for the last 15 years. He was diagnosed with verrucous carcinoma of the perianal region five years ago for which an abdominoperineal resection was performed and now came with local tumor recurrence. Excision was done and histopathological evaluation showed an invasive carcinoma with papillomatosis, hyperkeratosis, and koilocytic atypia with brisk mitotic activity. Immunohistochemistry for p16 showed block positivity, confirming a diagnosis of HPV-associated warty squamous cell carcinoma. This case report highlights the relatively new variant of squamous cell carcinoma, its association with HPV, and the immunological implications of this virus in the development of squamous cell carcinoma. Preventive strategies to reduce such malignancies in the susceptible population have to be emphasized by creating awareness amongst the general public regarding the significance of HPV immunization and promoting the same in vulnerable groups.

Clinical and Histopathological Insights Into Soft Tissue Tumors: A Case Series with a Review of the Literature

Mangala Nagare, Harsha Dangare, Gauri Metkar, Smita Bhide — Thu, 19 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Soft tissue sarcoma is an uncommon and highly heterogeneous group of malignant tumors. The annual incidence of soft tissue sarcoma is about 50 cases per 1 million people, i.e., 1% of all malignant tumors. The field of soft tissue tumors (STT) is extremely vast; the pattern of tumors is varied, both on benign tumors and on malignant soft tissue tumors. Therefore, it is a very challenging job for a pathologist to give a final diagnosis. Here we have discussed three rare cases of soft tissue tumors.

Capillary and Cavernous (Mixed) Type of Cervical Hemangioma with Uterine Adenomyosis in a 40-year-old Female

Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Hemangioma of the uterine cervix is an extremely rare benign vascular lesion and only a few sporadic cases have been reported. Cervical hemangioma is characterized by increase in the number of normal and abnormal veins. Histopathology examination is needed to diagnose hemangioma and to differentiate this disease with other pathological conditions. Hemangioma is a benign tumor which originates from endothelial cells of the blood vessels, which represent multipotent cellular elements, or from pericytes located on the outer side of the blood vessel wall. The majority of cervical hemangiomas have been reported in women of child bearing age.

Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia in an Unmarried Female with Asymmetric Breasts

Bhushan M Warpe, Shweta S Joshi, Pooja P Pandey, Sai K Manchikalapudi — Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a non-cancerous mesenchymal growth in the breast. It was first described by Vuitch, et al. in 1986 wherein it appeared as a palpable breast lump in a patient. Only around 109 cases had been documented by 2008. The etiology and pathogenesis of PASH are still unknown; however, there is some evidence suggesting PASH is hormone dependent. Herewith we present a case of 29 years old unmarried lady who presented to plastic surgery department of our hospital with complaint of painless, asymmetric breasts. Her mammography showed global dense asymmetrical breast parenchyma more in left breast compared to her right breast. Her PASH diagnosis was confirmed on gold standard test of histopathology.

United Against Venom: India's 'One Health' Blueprint for Snakebite Prevention

Mandar Chandrachood — Sun, 27 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

India's recently launched National Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Snakebite Envenoming (NAPSE) marks a pivotal moment in critical fight against snakebites.