GAIMS Journal of Medical Sciences
type: channel
description: An official publication of Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences Published by: Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences G K General Hospital Opposite Lotus Colony Bhuj, Kachchh, Gujarat – 370001
publisher: Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences
language: en
publication name: GAIMS Journal of Medical Sciences
issn: 2583-1763
items: A Study of the Influence and Effectiveness of an Innovative Gharana Mentorship House System on Undergraduate Medical Students
items: Understanding Cervical Cancer Prevention and Practice of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Study Among Medical Students of Ahmedabad
items: Decoding the Triglyceride/HDL-C Ratio: A Marker for Type-2 Diabetes Risk
items: Distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) Blood Groups among Voluntary Donors in Kachchh Gujarat
items: Histopathological Spectrum of Salivary Gland Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Care Centre
items: The Influence of Magnesium on Blood Glucose Control
items: Risk Profiling and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a District-Level Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: A Descriptive Study of Clinical Profile of Fever with Thrombocytopenia at Tertiary Care Centre of Maharashtra
items: Prevalence, Clinical Profile and Outcome Predictors in Very Low Birth Weight and Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonates in Tertiary Care Hospital
items: Correlation of Gestational Age Assessed by Last Menstrual Period, Antenatal Ultrasonography and New Ballard Score
items: An Observational Cross-sectional Study to Assess Awareness of Personal Hygiene and Food Safety among Food Handlers In and Nearby Area of Tertiary Care Hospital
items: United Against Venom: India's 'One Health' Blueprint for Snakebite Prevention
items: Modified Tubularized Incised Plate (TIP) Urethroplasty in Distal Penile Hypospadias - A Tertiary Care Experience
items: Turn Around Time (TAT): The Critical Link Between Laboratory Testing and Patient Outcome
items: Cytology’s New Frontier: The Sydney System’s Innovative Approach to Lymph Node Diagnosis
items: Region and Rabies: A Review of Geographical Variations, Challenges and Strategies for Control
items: A Comparative Study of Orthogonal Versus Parallel Plating for Distal Humeral Fractures
items: Effects of Language Barrier on Academic Performance of First Year Undergraduate Medical Students in Jamnagar
items: Fibroepithelial Polyp in the Buccal Mucosa of a Libyan Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
items: Evaluation of Complete Immunization Coverage and Effect of Migratory Factors on Immunization Coverage of Children Residing at Construction Sites in Rajkot City, Gujarat
items: A Single-Center Case Series of Hereditary Ataxia from Gujarat: Clinical and Genetic Data
items: Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia in an Unmarried Female with Asymmetric Breasts
items: Capillary and Cavernous (Mixed) Type of Cervical Hemangioma with Uterine Adenomyosis in a 40-year-old Female
items: A Prescription Audit Utilizing the World Health Organization Recommended Key Medication Use Indicators at a Tertiary Care Hospital, India
items: Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Study of Influenza and Their Subtypes Among Suspected Influenza Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Vadodara
items: Clinico-histopathological Correlation in Ectopic Pregnancy: Insights from a Rural Tertiary Center in Maharashtra, India
items: Morbidity Patterns Among the Geriatric Population in Field Practice Area of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Ahmedabad: A Cross-sectional Study
items: Comparative Impact of Refractive Correction Modalities on Quality of Life in Myopic Astigmatic Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
items: Role of MRI in Evaluation of Compressive Myelopathy
items: Lymph Node Cytopathology Reporting Based on the 2020 Sydney System Guidelines: Correlation Between Histopathology and Cytology

A Study of the Influence and Effectiveness of an Innovative Gharana Mentorship House System on Undergraduate Medical Students
type: item
description: Background: Mentorship is an important educational strategy to foster academic success, personal wellbeing and professional development in undergraduate medical students. As group mentoring holds immense potential in medical education, the Gharana Mentorship House System, inspired by house mentorship models in schools, was implemented for the first time at Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences (GAIMS), Bhuj, India, to enhance mentorship for undergraduate students. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a new concept of Gharana mentorship house system program for undergraduate students at GAIMS, Bhuj. Objectives: a) To assess the perception of mentees and mentors about the program. B) To assess academic performance and attendance of students to measure effectiveness of Gharana Program. C) To identify the strengths and challenges of this mentorship program Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at GAIMS where the Gharana Mentorship House system was introduced. Data was collected from volunteer mentors and mentees using validated semi structured Google questionnaires containing both open and closed ended questions. Attendance records and marks obtained in exams were procured from academic records Results: 230 mentees and 30 mentors volunteered to participate in the study. Quantitative analysis revealed statistically significant association in improvement of students’ attendance and academic performance (p < 0.0001). Quantitative analysis of perception of both mentors and mentees was positive. Mentees expressed that this program had provided them with both professional and personal support. Most mentors agreed that the program was running as planned, there was no additional burden on them, and that they were motivated to volunteer for future mentoring. Qualitative themes highlighted the challenges, valuable insights and experiences of mentors from the mentor mentee relationship Conclusion: The Gharana Mentorship House System is an innovative an…
subject: Medical Education
  topic: section
subject: Mentorship program
  topic: keywords
subject: Gharana house system
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical education
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical student mentorship
  topic: keywords
subject: Longitudinal mentorship
  topic: keywords
subject: Peer mentoring
  topic: keywords
creator: Devika Bhat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Devika Bhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
starting page: 80
ending page: 88

Understanding Cervical Cancer Prevention and Practice of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Study Among Medical Students of Ahmedabad
type: item
description: Background: Early HPV vaccination can significantly reduce the burden of cervical cancer, yet most of India’s population remains unprotected. Medical students, as future healthcare advocates, are key to improving HPV vaccination through their awareness and practice. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic profile of participants, measure their awareness about cervical cancer and its prevention, vaccination status, and to correlate these findings with socio-demographic details. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 181 medical students of Ahmedabad using a standardized, validated questionnaire consisting of open ended, Yes/No/Don’t know and MCQ questions. Statistical analysis was performed and appropriate tests were applied. Results: The study included 128 females (70.7%) and 53 males (29.3% ) with a mean age of 19.85 ± 1.60 years. While 82.3% identified cervical cancer as a leading cause of death among women, only 56.9% were aware that HPV affects both genders. Although 77.3% were aware of the HPV vaccine, correct knowledge about the recommended age group and dose schedule was low (14.9% and 5.5%respectively). Only 43 students (23.75%) were vaccinated with significantly more females being vaccinated (z = 2.5297, p = 0.0114). Among unvaccinated participants, the major barriers to HPV vaccination included lack of knowledge (31.15%), limited access to vaccine (10%), and lack of motivation (6.52%). Conclusion: Although awareness about HPV infection and cervical cancer among medical students is good, there is a lack of awareness and knowledge about prevention of cervical cancer. Practice of HPV vaccination among medical students was found to be low.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Cervical cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Papillomavirus
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: Vaccination
  topic: keywords
creator: Richa Gupta
creator: Sheetal Shrimali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Richa Gupta, Sheetal Shrimali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 111
ending page: 117

Decoding the Triglyceride/HDL-C Ratio: A Marker for Type-2 Diabetes Risk
type: item
description: Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder worldwide. Beyond the established markers of glycemic control and insulin resistance (IR), there remains a need for reliable, accessible, and reproducible indicators. To address this, our study evaluated the triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio (THR) as a potential marker for insulin resistance and glycemic regulation. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed TG, fasting serum glucose (FSG), and fasting insulin levels from 953 samples processed between March and August 2024. Based on homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, patients were categorized into two groups: good versus poor glycemic control. The discriminatory power of the triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (THR) for differentiating these groups was evaluated using Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: The mean age of participants was 40.83 ± 16.78 years. Significant differences (p<0.001) were observed between patients with good and poor glycemic control in gender, FSG, HOMA-IR, FI, TG, and THR, but not in age (p=0.613). Pairwise correlation showed THR had a moderate negative correlation with HDL (r=-0.555, p<0.001) and a strong positive correlation with TG (r=0.959, p<0.001). With a cutoff value of ≥2.64, THR demonstrated high selectivity and positive predictive value (PPV) (AUC=0.72; Se=65%; Sp=70%; p<0.001; 95% CI: 0.66–0.78). Men were 2.247 times more likely than women to exhibit poor glycemic control (p=0.022). The risk of poor control increased by 1.045-fold with age and 1.056-fold with glucose (p=0.007). Conclusion: Based on our findings, the THR appears to be a promising marker for assessing glycemic control and insulin resistance.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
subject: Glycemic Control
  topic: keywords
subject: HDL-C
  topic: keywords
subject: Insulin resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Triglyceride
  topic: keywords
creator: Asha Gupta
creator: Dinesh Kumar Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asha Gupta, Dinesh Kumar Sharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-05
publication date: 2025-11-05
starting page: 49
ending page: 55

Distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) Blood Groups among Voluntary Donors in Kachchh Gujarat
type: item
description: Background: The ABO and Rh blood group systems are the most important blood group systems in Transfusion Medicine. This study was carried out with an objective to study the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among voluntary blood donors in Western Gujarat, India which is essential for effective management of blood inventory. Material and methods: The present retrospective study was carried out at GKGH Blood centre. The data of present study is from 01/01/2024 TO 31/12/2024. Total 19355 voluntary blood donors were considered medically fit and accepted for blood donation. ABO and Rh typing were done by Complete Grouping Card method by Tulip matrix, both forward and reverse blood grouping after validation at blood centre. Results: Out of 11,013 blood donors O blood group was most common (3520-31.96%) and the least blood group was AB Blood group (70-0.63%). There were more Rh-Positive blood donors as compared to Rh Negative blood donors. Conclusion: The most common blood group among voluntary donors was O positive and least common blood group was AB negative.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: ABO Group
  topic: keywords
subject: Rhesus Group
  topic: keywords
subject: Voluntary Blood Donors
  topic: keywords
creator: Saniyah Godar
creator: Suman Khoja
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Saniyah Godar, Suman Khoja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-25
publication date: 2025-11-25
starting page: 64
ending page: 67

Histopathological Spectrum of Salivary Gland Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Care Centre
type: item
description: Background: Salivary gland lesions represent a broad and heterogeneous spectrum of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic pathologies. These conditions frequently exhibit significant overlapping histo-morphological patterns, which present considerable diagnostic challenges for pathologists. Definitive characterization of these lesions relies primarily on comprehensive histopathological examination, judiciously supplemented by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to achieve accurate subtyping and to facilitate precise prognostic stratification. Aims and Objectives: This study was meticulously designed with two primary objectives: first, to systematically delineate the histopathological spectrum of salivary gland tumors and tumor-like conditions that are routinely encountered at a major tertiary care referral center. Second, a crucial aim was to critically evaluate the diagnostic yield of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and to assess the role of IHC in establishing definitive and accurate diagnoses for these complex lesions. Materials and Methods: A total of fifty-one salivary gland specimens were meticulously subjected to retrospective review. Comprehensive data retrieved from departmental archives. Final diagnoses were stratified into three distinct categories: benign tumors, malignant tumors, and tumor-like or non-neoplastic conditions. FNAC reports were subsequently compared with the histopathological outcomes to compute key diagnostic performance metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy. Results: The study cohort comprised 51 patients, consisting of 29 males and 22 females, which yielded a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. The mean age of the cohort was determined to be 43.2. The parotid gland was the most commonly involved anatomical site (80.4%), followed by submandibular gland (11.8%) and minor salivary glands (2%). Benign tumors constituted 45.1% of all cases, while malignant tum…
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Pleomorphic adenoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Warthin tumor
  topic: keywords
subject: Immunohistochemistry
  topic: keywords
creator: S Preetha
creator: R Hemapriya
creator: P Priyadharshini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 S Preetha, R Hemapriya, P Priyadharshini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-25
publication date: 2026-01-25
starting page: 124
ending page: 131

The Influence of Magnesium on Blood Glucose Control
type: item
description: Background: Magnesium acts as a cofactor in glucose phosphorylation and numerous other enzymatic reactions. Its deficiency may contribute to insulin resistance, carbohydrate intolerance, and dyslipidemia. Reduced serum magnesium levels have been linked to the development of diabetic complications, including retinopathy, altered platelet function, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. The present study aimed to examine the association between serum magnesium levels and glucose regulation. Materials and methods: Data from 256 patients who underwent serum testing for glucose, magnesium, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and lipid profile between May 2024 and June 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on glucose and HbA1c values defined by the 2017 American Diabetes Association guidelines, participants were categorized into three groups: non-diabetic, prediabetic, and diabetic. Intergroup comparisons were conducted using the Kruskal–Wallis H test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Among the participants, 137 were nondiabetic, 85 were prediabetic, and 34 were diabetic, with median ages (range) of 40 years (24–55), 45 years (35–58), and 48 years (30–57), respectively. Magnesium levels differed significantly between the nondiabetic and diabetic groups, as well as between the prediabetic and diabetic groups (both p<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between the nondiabetic and prediabetic groups. Patients with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥2.5) had significantly lower magnesium levels (p=0.020). Furthermore, serum magnesium showed a significant negative correlation with glucose (r=–0.244, p<0.001), HbA1c (r=–0.332, p<0.001), and HOMA-IR values (r=–0.162, p=0.010). Conclusion: Magnesium serves as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in carbohydrate oxidation and is essential for glucose transport across the cell membrane. This study found that reduced magnesium levels adversely influenced glucose regulation. Incorporating magnesium-rich …
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
subject: Insulin
  topic: keywords
subject: Magnesium
  topic: keywords
subject: Pre-diabetes
  topic: keywords
creator: Kiran R Bagale
creator: Dinesh Kumar Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kiran R Bagale, Dinesh Kumar Sharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-17
publication date: 2025-09-17
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

Risk Profiling and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a District-Level Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: India has emerged as the diabetes capital of the world, a trend largely attributed to rapid industrialization and urbanisation, which have contributed to significant lifestyle changes and an epidemiological transition. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among people of Gandhinagar District. To identify and analyse the sociodemographic and lifestyle-related risk factors associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the district population. Material and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 600 participants selected from each of the four talukas of Gandhinagar, ensuring representation of both rural and urban populations through probability-proportional-to-size sampling. Data were collected using a pretested and predesigned proforma. Information on sociodemographic and behavioural factors, family history, and physical measurements was obtained. Random blood sugar (RBS) levels were measured for all participants; individuals with RBS >200 mg/dL underwent HbA1c testing. Data were analyzed using Excel 2019 and SPSS v27. Results: The prevalence of T2DM was 10.66% (64/600), with 37.5% (24/64) being newly diagnosed. Significant associations were observed with increasing age, reduced physical activity, smoking, and obesity (p<0.05). Insignificant associations were found with gender, socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, or frequency of eating meals outside the home. The highest prevalence was noted in the 46–55 years age group. Dehgam taluka exhibited the highest proportion of undiagnosed cases, which may be attributed to its predominantly rural population. Conclusion: High prevalence of modifiable risk factors, targeted primary prevention strategies are essential to curb the rising burden of T2DM in the region.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Gandhinagar
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  topic: keywords
creator: Karankumar A Desai
creator: Jinal Ben Nogas
creator: Pratik Parekh
creator: Ashadevi H Sisodiya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Karankumar A Desai, Jinal Ben Nogas, Pratik Parekh, Ashadevi H Sisodiya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-10
publication date: 2026-02-10
starting page: 140
ending page: 148

A Descriptive Study of Clinical Profile of Fever with Thrombocytopenia at Tertiary Care Centre of Maharashtra
type: item
description: Introduction: Fever is a pervasive and ubiquitous theme in human myth, art and science. Fever is such a common manifestation of illness that it is not surprising to find accurate descriptions of the febrile patients in early-recorded history. A fever rarely comes without other symptoms and sign. It is often accompanied by specific complaints or pattern. Many times, it is associated with low platelet count. The normal platelet count is 150000-450000/ μL. Thrombocytopenia is defined as platelet count less than 150000/ μL. Material and Methods: The present study was prospective observational study conducted on patients, who were admitted at tertiary care hospital in urban setting during Feb 2013 to July 2014. This study conducted at Government medical college and Hospital, Latur. Sample size was 200. Results: The present study, conducted on 200 patients with fever and thrombocytopenia, revealed that the majority of cases occurred in young adults, with 57% belonging to the 15–30 years’ age group and a male predominance (M: F = 2.12:1). Dengue fever (40%) emerged as the leading cause, followed by malaria (33%), while septicemia (8%) was the most common contributor to mortality. Most patients presented with platelet counts less than 50,000/cumm showed bleeding manifestations 34% of cases, predominantly petechiae and purpura (70%). The overall recovery rate was good (96%), with mortality observed in 4% of cases, largely due to septicemia and severe thrombocytopenia (< 20,000/cumm). Conclusion: These findings emphasize that fever with thrombocytopenia is a significant clinical presentation in hospitals, requiring careful evaluation to differentiate between infectious etiologies.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Fever
  topic: keywords
subject: Thrombocytopenia
  topic: keywords
subject: Petechiae
  topic: keywords
subject: Purpura
  topic: keywords
creator: Manoj Jagdale
creator: Pralhad Potdar
creator: Darshan Patel
creator: Amitkumar Patil
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Manoj Jagdale, Pralhad Potdar, Darshan Patel, Amitkumar Patil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
starting page: 118
ending page: 123

Prevalence, Clinical Profile and Outcome Predictors in Very Low Birth Weight and Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonates in Tertiary Care Hospital
type: item
description: Background: Neonates with very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) has a much higher chance of experiencing serious health complications or even death. Their results depend on a myriad of newborn and maternal variables. Thus, it is important to assess and treat them specifically. Objective: The goals of this study are to quantify and assess the clinical profile, and to identify factors that are predictive of adverse outcomes of VLBW and ELBW neonates. Methods: This prospective observational research was conducted in the tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from 2022 to 2024. Of the 88 newborns enrolled, information gathered include factors such as birth weight, gestational age, gender, family medical history, prenatal treatment, delivery specifics, clinical trajectory and outcomes. Neonates were treated according to standard treatment guidelines. Results: There was a frequency of 1.10% for VLBW and 0.18% for ELBW. Thrombocytopenia, respiratory distress syndrome, and sepsis were among the most common complications. Results improved when antenatal steroids were used and when ANC visits were sufficient. Comparing ELBW and VLBW infants, the mortality rate was greater in the former (52.94% vs. 23.94%). Low gestational age, pulmonary hemorrhage, DIC, thrombocytopenia, and the requirement for ventilatory support were major indicators of poor prognosis. Conclusion: Neonates born with very low birth weight (VLBW) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW) are at increased risk and should receive intensive prenatal care, the early detection of maternal risk factors, and specialized newborn care. Neonatal intensive care units need to identify factors that can lead to a bad result so that they can allocate resources more wisely and intervene quickly.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: VLBW, ELBW, Neonatal Morbidity, Neonatal Mortality, NICU, Gestational Age, ANC, Sepsis, RDS, Neonatal Outcomes
  topic: keywords
creator: Mukundkumar Vaja
creator: Janvi Soni
creator: Dipika Bhil
creator: Jaishree Parmar
creator: Maitri Joshi
creator: Saloni Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mukundkumar Vaja, Janvi Soni, Dipika Bhil, Jaishree Parmar, Maitri Joshi, Saloni Shah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
starting page: 32
ending page: 36

Correlation of Gestational Age Assessed by Last Menstrual Period, Antenatal Ultrasonography and New Ballard Score
type: item
description: Background: Determining gestational age (GA) significantly influences the prognosis of newborns. Of the various methods available for gestational age assessment, gestational age assessment by first trimester ultrasonography (USG) as the most reliable method gestational and by LMP (last menstrual period), is next best surrogate. In remote areas and rural settings in Low and Middle Income Countries, the reliability of LMP based GA assessment is questionable due to low literacy rates and less awareness among women and USG is not cost effective. In such a scenario, GA assessment by clinical methods like New Ballard Score (NBS) seems an attractive alternative. Hence this study was conducted to compare the reliability of GA assessments by LMP and NBS as compared to 1st trimester ultrasonography in our institute. Methods: This was a prospective study carried out at neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital of western Gujarat, India, from August 2022 to July 2023. A total of 200 neonates with mother having first trimester scan and who recalls LMP were recruited for the study. Gestational age according to first trimester scan was calculated and compared with gestational age according to LMP and NBS. Results: Gestational age by UGS with NBS show significant correlation (p value <0.001) Gestational age by LMP with NBS show significant correlation (p value <0.001) Significant correlation was also observed between gestational age accessed by LMP, first trimester USG and NBS (p value <0.001) Gestational age by UGS with NBS which gave a higher correlation (r = 0.886), Correlation among all three gestational age by LMP, USG and NBS which came out to be lower than previous (r =0.545) and at last Correlation amongst gestational age according to LMP and NBS came out to be lowest (r =0.540). Hence, gestational age by USG comes out to be most similar with gestational age by NBS. Conclusions: In low resource settings and in public sector hospitals, GA assessment b…
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Gestational Age
  topic: keywords
subject: Last Menstrual Period (LMP)
  topic: keywords
subject: New Ballard Score (NBS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Ultrasonography (USG)
  topic: keywords
creator: Maitri Chauhan
creator: Yashvi Dattani
creator: Sandeep Tilwani
creator: Vinisha Makhijani
creator: Shivani Barad
creator: Rekha Thaddanee
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Maitri Chauhan, Yashvi Dattani, Sandeep Tilwani, Vinisha Makhijani, Shivani Barad, Rekha Thaddanee https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-10
publication date: 2025-09-10
starting page: 107
ending page: 111

An Observational Cross-sectional Study to Assess Awareness of Personal Hygiene and Food Safety among Food Handlers In and Nearby Area of Tertiary Care Hospital
type: item
description: Background: Food hygiene and food safety are also major issues worldwide, particularly in developing countries such as India. Significant changes in food production, handling and preparation methods, as well as in the habits of food-eating among people, have made food unsafe. Food handlers are the main contributors to food-borne outbreaks, and food establishments are the main sources of food-borne disease. So, this study assess awareness of personal hygiene and food safety among food handlers in and nearby area of tertiary care hospital. Material and methods: This was an observational analytical cross-sectional study. The study was carried out in surrounding area near tertiary care hospital of Bhuj city and study duration was 3 months. Sample size:193. Results: 36 out of 43 (41.86%) central canteen - mess food handlers, 30 out of 48 (34.88 %) of the restaurants food handlers and 20 out of 98 (23.26%) mobile food handlers had good knowledge of food safety. This study identifies significant gaps in food safety and personal hygiene knowledge among food handlers, particularly among mobile food handlers. Mobile handlers lagged behind in critical hygiene areas such as handwashing, medical check-ups, and food handling practices. Socio-demographic and occupational factors such as younger age, higher education, longer working hours, and possession of food licenses were positively associated with better food safety knowledge.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: food safety
  topic: keywords
subject: personal hygiene
  topic: keywords
subject: vaccination
  topic: keywords
subject: food licenses.
  topic: keywords
creator: Pralhad S Potdar
creator: Onkar Gaikwad
creator: Jay Joshi
creator: Shraddha A Katariya
creator: Milankumar V Golakiya
creator: Densi M Kakadiya
creator: Bhartiben Kavad
creator: Neel A Patel
creator: Raju D Kodiyatar
creator: Vatsalkumar P Rathod
creator: Sachinkumar Sangada
creator: Vikrambhai G Suthar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Pralhad Potdar S, Onkar Gaikwad, Jay Joshi, Shraddha A Katariya, Milankumar V Golakiya, Densi M Kakadiya, Bhartiben Kavad, Neel A Patel, Raju D Kodiyatar, Vatsalkumar P Rathod, Sachinkumar Sangada, Vikrambhai G Suthar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-04
publication date: 2025-10-04
starting page: 22
ending page: 31

United Against Venom: India's 'One Health' Blueprint for Snakebite Prevention
type: item
description: India's recently launched National Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Snakebite Envenoming (NAPSE) marks a pivotal moment in critical fight against snakebites.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Anti venom
  topic: keywords
subject: NAPSE
  topic: keywords
subject: One Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Snake bite
  topic: keywords
creator: Mandar Chandrachood
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mandar Chandrachood https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-27
publication date: 2025-07-27
starting page: i
ending page: ii

Modified Tubularized Incised Plate (TIP) Urethroplasty in Distal Penile Hypospadias - A Tertiary Care Experience
type: item
description: Background: After the advent of the Snodgrass tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty technique for the correction of distal penile hypospadias and urethroplasty complications like urethrocutaneous fistula, meatal stenosis, and glans flap dehiscence in 2% of cases in the year 1994, it became a popular technique among hypospadias surgeons for the correction of distal penile hypospadias irrespective of the intrinsic clinical parameters. The issue of the thin membranous distal urethra, inadequate urethral plate, small conical glans and associated complications following the TIP procedure are well described. Objectives of the study were to find out the surgical procedure undertaken and the outcomes in distal penile hypospadias in our institute. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study on distal penile hypospadias operated on in the department of plastic surgery of our institute from April 2017 to March 2022. Results: The present study had a total of 96 boys with distal penile hypospadias; ages ranged from 2 years to 26 years, with a mean age of 5.02 years and a standard deviation of 3.47 years. It was found that 84 (87.5%) of cases of distal penile hypospadias were managed with the modified TIP procedure, and 12 (12.5%) cases were managed with Byars' stage procedures. It was found that 64 (66.7%) of the outcomes were uneventful, and in 32 (33.3%) cases, urethroplasty complications were noted, consisting of preputial flap loss in 3.1%, glans flap dehiscence in 9.4%, meatal stenosis in 9.4%, urethrocutaneous fistula in 8.3% of cases, meatal stenosis with fistula in 1%, and urethral stricture in 1 (2.1%) of cases. Conclusion: Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty, or its modified version of including an extra 3mm to 4mm of penile skin lateral to the urethral plate on either side, is found suitable in the majority (87.5%) of the cases of distal penile hypospadias but not all.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Hypospadias
  topic: keywords
subject: TIP Urethroplasty
  topic: keywords
subject: Urethroplasty complications
  topic: keywords
creator: Pruthwiraj Singh
creator: Tanmaya Mahapatra
creator: Siva Rama Krishna M
creator: Prem Prakash Mallick
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Pruthwiraj Singh, Tanmaya Mahapatra, Siva Rama Krishna M, Prem Prakash Mallick https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-05
publication date: 2026-02-05
starting page: 132
ending page: 139

Turn Around Time (TAT): The Critical Link Between Laboratory Testing and Patient Outcome
type: item
description: Background: Turnaround time (TAT) in a clinical biochemistry laboratory refers to the total time taken from when a test is ordered to when the result is reported back to the clinician. The study aims to evaluate the TAT time of the clinical biochemistry lab, assessing the pre-analytical and post-analytical phases' relative contributions to the TAT in comparison to the analytical phase and determining the quantity of samples reported outside the specified TAT. A number of actions that could shorten the turnaround time overall were also assessed. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at GKGH Hospital, Kachchh, a district hospital, to evaluate the turnaround time (TAT) on samples analyzed in the clinical Biochemistry laboratory. In the present study, TAT was evaluated for parameters such as RFT (Renal Function Test), SGPT (Serum glutamate Pyruvate transaminase), Electrolytes, Troponin, and ABG (Arterial Blood Gas analyzer). The samples were collected from the OPD and IPD. The clinical Biochemistry is equipped with Vitros DTS 5600 and 7600, a dry test-based auto-analyzer. Results: In the present study, the mean and SD were observed in case of RFT TAT was 78 ±41, SGPT TAT was 103±54, Troponin TAT was 78±33, ABG test TAT was 15±12, Electrolytes TAT was 76 ± 42. Conclusion: In the present study, Evaluation of TAT of basic emergency parameters, which are common tests done in the laboratory. We noticed the major cause of delayed TAT time is pre-analytic steps. By improving the phlebotomy procedure, sample transport flow, and sample preparation steps, the TAT time can be improved significantly.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: TAT
  topic: keywords
subject: RFT
  topic: keywords
subject: SGPT
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrolytes
  topic: keywords
subject: Troponin
  topic: keywords
subject: ABG
  topic: keywords
creator: Darshan Patel
creator: Dinesh Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Darshan Patel, Dinesh Sharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-18
publication date: 2025-06-18
starting page: 51
ending page: 57

Cytology’s New Frontier: The Sydney System’s Innovative Approach to Lymph Node Diagnosis
type: item
description: Background: FNAC is the first diagnostic step in patients with lymphadenopathy because of its simplicity and minimal invasive nature which helps to confirm the clinical suspicion. A definite specific diagnosis may not be possible in a few cases but a categorization of disease and differential diagnosis can help suggest the most efficient further investigations, saving time and resources. The aim of this study was to ascertain the system’s applicability and precision in the diagnosis of lymph node cytology. Material and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study on lymph node cytology samples collected between January 2024 and June 2024, categorizing results into five groups (L1-L5) according to the Sydney System. Cytological findings were validated against histopathological results and relevant clinical data that prompted FNA procedures. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and malignancy risk estimates. Results: 60 cases were evaluated by FNAC. Out of this 44 were benign cases, 16 cases were of Reactive lymphadenitis, 24 cases of Granulomatous/Tuberculous lymphadenitis and 4 cases were of Acute suppurative lymphadenitis. Out of 16 malignant cases, 1 case was of Non Hodgkins lymphoma, 2 case was of Hodgkins lymphoma and 13 cases were of metastatic carcinoma. Conclusion: The Sydney system was used for clinicopathological diagnosis of patients presenting with lymphadenopathy and was found to be a reliable tool for evaluation of risk of malignancy and its subsequent management of the patient.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: fine needle cytology
  topic: keywords
subject: lymph node
  topic: keywords
subject: Sydney system
  topic: keywords
subject: risk of malignancy
  topic: keywords
creator: Nidhi Choudhari
creator: Meghashree V
creator: Vidhya Subramaniam
creator: Sudha M
creator: Prajna K S
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nidhi Choudhari, Meghashree V, Vidhya Subramaniam, Sudha M, Prajna K S https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-16
publication date: 2025-06-16
starting page: 44
ending page: 50

Region and Rabies: A Review of Geographical Variations, Challenges and Strategies for Control
type: item
description: Rabies, one of the oldest known zoonotic diseases, continues to claim thousands of lives every year—despite being entirely preventable. It disproportionately affects populations in Asia and Africa, particularly in low-resource rural regions where dog-mediated transmission remains endemic. This review explores the interplay between regional contexts and rabies epidemiology, highlighting disparities in disease burden, surveillance capacity, vaccine access, health infrastructure, and cultural beliefs. It also outlines successful regional interventions, emphasizing the need for geographically tailored strategies. With the global “Zero by 30” goal in sight, addressing these regional dynamics is key to achieving equitable and sustainable rabies elimination.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: PEP
  topic: keywords
subject: Rabies
  topic: keywords
subject: Region
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance
  topic: keywords
creator: Bharti Koria
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bharti Koria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-02
publication date: 2025-08-02
starting page: 91
ending page: 95

A Comparative Study of Orthogonal Versus Parallel Plating for Distal Humeral Fractures
type: item
description: Introduction: Fractures of the distal humerus are relatively common injuries, distal humerus fractures lead to significant burden on society due to its bimodal distribution with a peak in young males due to high energy trauma (road traffic accidents, fall from height, trauma to arm and gunshot wounds) and a other peak in older females usually by simple falls. There are several methods of fixation available, namely- plate fixation and external fixation. Out of which very commonly performed is plating. Material and Methods: A total of 40 patients distal humerus fractures were treated with dual plating between May 2022 and May 2024. Of these, 20 patients underwent orthogonal plating (Group A), while 20 patients were treated with parallel plating (Group B). Patients were selected based on specific inclusion criteria: age between 18-60 years, fractures of the distal humerus with intra condylar extension, closed fractures, non-compliant patients for conservative treatment, polytrauma patients, and those who refused conservative treatment. Exclusion criteria included patients younger than 18 or older than 60 years, fractures involving the shaft of the humerus, previous humeral surgery, pathological fractures, open fractures, and nerve palsy. This prospective study utilized a sample size of 40 patients, with Group A consisting of odd-numbered patients receiving orthogonal plating and Group B consisting of even-numbered patients receiving parallel plating. Results: Out of 20 operated cases of orthogonal plating, 18 patients had excellent, 2 patients had poor ASES score, whereas in parallel plating group 16 patients had excellent, 2 patients good, 2 patients poor American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, no post operative infections were noted, no non-union cases were noted, no significant difference in surgery time, blood loss, mean duration of hospital stay was noted. Conclusion: Both orthogonal plating and parallel plating had similar outcomes with respect to elbo…
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Parallel plating
  topic: keywords
subject: Orthogonal plating
  topic: keywords
subject: Distal humerus fracture
  topic: keywords
creator: Durga Prasad H N
creator: Amit Sehgal
creator: Chavi Sethi
creator: Charu Thakur
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Durga Prasad H N, Amit Sehgal, Chavi Sethi, Charu Thakur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 45
ending page: 48

Effects of Language Barrier on Academic Performance of First Year Undergraduate Medical Students in Jamnagar
type: item
description: Background: Language proficiency plays a foundational role in the success of medical students, especially in multilingual countries like India, where students often come from diverse linguistic backgrounds. The transition from vernacular language-based schooling to English-medium medical education creates a significant challenge for first-year MBBS students. These students often struggle with understanding medical terminology, lectures and textbooks, all of which are primarily in English. This language barrier can impede their academic performance, communication skills and confidence, which are critical to becoming competent healthcare professionals. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the extent to which language barriers affect the academic performance of first-year MBBS students. Materials and Methods: This is an institution based cross-sectional study. Total 220 students participated in the study. A preformed questionnaire was given to the students. Result was obtained by the answers given by the students. Results: A total of 220 participants responded to the survey, including 118 (53.6%) males and 102 (46.4%) females. 160 (72.7%) of the total participants had studied in Gujarati medium, 16 (7.3%) of the total participants had studied in Hindi medium, while 44 (20%) of the total participants had studied in English medium. The majority 140 (63.7%) of the participants stated that they frequently used dictionaries for their studies and 80 (36.3%) did not use dictionaries. The results indicated that most participants, more specifically 110 (50%) medical students were neither comfortable nor uncomfortable (Neutral) with the English language, followed by 74 (33.6%) who were comfortable as opposed to 36 (16.4%) who were very uncomfortable. Conclusion: English Language Proficiency Program (ELPP) can be used at a level of medical colleges to increase the interest and academic performance of the students.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Medical Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Language Barriers
  topic: keywords
creator: Nileshwari Vala
creator: I S Thianeswar
creator: Kajal Gauswami
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nileshwari Vala, I S Thianeswar, Kajal Gauswami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-12
publication date: 2025-10-12
starting page: 41
ending page: 44

Fibroepithelial Polyp in the Buccal Mucosa of a Libyan Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
type: item
description: Fibroepithelial polyp is one of the benign lesions of oral cavity which occurs as inflammatory response to local irritation or trauma. Clinically, patients with fibroepithelial polyps present as a painless pedunculated or sessile swelling. They can be treated by simple surgical excision or by other methods such as electrocautery or laser ablation. This is case report of a 48-year-old female who reported to the dental clinic with a soft to firm, painless pedunculated swelling in the left buccal mucosa. This patient underwent an excisional biopsy under local anesthesia. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of fibroepithelial polyp. In conclusion, fibroepithelial polyp should be kept as one of the differential diagnoses of benign soft tissue lesions of the oral cavity.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Fibroepithelial
  topic: keywords
subject: Oral Cavity
  topic: keywords
subject: Polyp
  topic: keywords
subject: Benign
  topic: keywords
creator: Eman A B Aguori
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eman.A.B Aguori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 37
ending page: 40

Evaluation of Complete Immunization Coverage and Effect of Migratory Factors on Immunization Coverage of Children Residing at Construction Sites in Rajkot City, Gujarat
type: item
description: Background: Immunization is one of the most effective public health interventions, yet children of migrant construction workers often remain under-immunized due to unique socio-demographic and logistical barriers. This study aimed to evaluate complete immunization coverage and examine the effect of migratory factors on immunization among children residing at construction sites in Rajkot city, Gujarat. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 in the field practice area of a community medicine department under Rajkot Municipal Corporation. A total of 244 children residing at construction sites were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data on sociodemographic, immunization status, and migration history were collected and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Full immunization coverage among the study population was 39.75%, while complete immunization coverage was 30.33%. Zero-dose prevalence was 12.7%. A statistically significant association was observed between immunization coverage and factors such as gender (p=0.00), birth order (p=0.00), and number of migrations (p=0.00), while place of migration showed no significant effect (p=0.23). The most common barriers to immunization were parental unawareness about vaccination sites (33.20%) and schedules (23.77%), followed by fear of wage loss due to post-vaccination illness (19.67%). Conclusions: Children of migrant construction workers in Rajkot city have considerably lower immunization coverage compared to district and national averages. Strengthening mobile outreach, increasing parental awareness, flexible session timings, and introducing incentives to offset wage loss could significantly improve immunization uptake among this vulnerable population.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Immunization
  topic: keywords
subject: Construction site
  topic: keywords
subject: Migration
  topic: keywords
subject: Zero-dose
  topic: keywords
creator: Kshama Gajera
creator: Harsha Solanki
creator: Nilesh Fichadiya
creator: Bhargav Dave
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kshama Gajera, Harsha Solanki, Nilesh Fichadiya, Bhargav Dave https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
starting page: 100
ending page: 106

A Single-Center Case Series of Hereditary Ataxia from Gujarat: Clinical and Genetic Data
type: item
description: Background: Hereditary or genetic ataxia is a group of neurodegenerative conditions, characterized by progressive imbalance and ataxia, with convergent clinical profiles. Limited data on the prevalence and subtypes are available from Gujarat due to a lack of an ataxia registry or studies. Objective: To study clinical and genetic characteristics in patients with hereditary ataxia from Gujarat state. Material and Methods: This prospective observational study included and evaluated chronic cerebellar ataxia patients with suspected hereditary etiology. Based on the clinical findings, molecular analysis was performed using PCR-based trinucleotide repeat analysis for a single specific genotype, a selected panel, or a broader whole-exome sequencing method. Results: We identified 65 patients with possible genetic ataxia over 2 years. Forty-nine patients from this subgroup underwent genetic testing and obtained positive results in 29 patients. Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 2 was the most common type (31%) of Autosomal Dominant ataxia, and Friedreich’s ataxia (FA) was the most common Autosomal Recessive ataxia (13.8%). SCA patients had onset in the 2nd decade onwards and had strong positive family history, while FA patients had onset in the 1st decade. Clinical features were overlapping and nonspecific for the subtype of ataxia. Apart from incoordination, the most common clinical findings were eye signs, pyramidal tract involvement and peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion: Our Gujarat state cohort of hereditary ataxia resembles genotypic and clinical characteristic data from other studies in western India. We noted clinical phenotypic overlap in all subtypes of hereditary ataxia, which calls for molecular genetic testing for diagnosis.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Hereditary ataxia
  topic: keywords
subject: Spinocerebellar ataaxia
  topic: keywords
subject: Friedreich's atxia
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic testing
  topic: keywords
creator: Pranav Joshi
creator: Shalin Shah
creator: Mukesh Sumra
creator: Sudhir Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Pranav Joshi, Shalin Shah, Mukesh Sumra, Sudhir Shah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-23
publication date: 2025-07-23
starting page: 85
ending page: 90

Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia in an Unmarried Female with Asymmetric Breasts
type: item
description: Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a non-cancerous mesenchymal growth in the breast. It was first described by Vuitch, et al. in 1986 wherein it appeared as a palpable breast lump in a patient. Only around 109 cases had been documented by 2008. The etiology and pathogenesis of PASH are still unknown; however, there is some evidence suggesting PASH is hormone dependent. Herewith we present a case of 29 years old unmarried lady who presented to plastic surgery department of our hospital with complaint of painless, asymmetric breasts. Her mammography showed global dense asymmetrical breast parenchyma more in left breast compared to her right breast. Her PASH diagnosis was confirmed on gold standard test of histopathology.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia
  topic: keywords
subject: Breast
  topic: keywords
creator: Bhushan M Warpe
creator: Shweta S Joshi
creator: Pooja P Pandey
creator: Sai K Manchikalapudi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bhushan M Warpe, Shweta S Joshi, Pooja P Pandey, Sai K Manchikalapudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-10
publication date: 2025-09-10
starting page: 112
ending page: 115

Capillary and Cavernous (Mixed) Type of Cervical Hemangioma with Uterine Adenomyosis in a 40-year-old Female
type: item
description: Hemangioma of the uterine cervix is an extremely rare benign vascular lesion and only a few sporadic cases have been reported. Cervical hemangioma is characterized by increase in the number of normal and abnormal veins. Histopathology examination is needed to diagnose hemangioma and to differentiate this disease with other pathological conditions. Hemangioma is a benign tumor which originates from endothelial cells of the blood vessels, which represent multipotent cellular elements, or from pericytes located on the outer side of the blood vessel wall. The majority of cervical hemangiomas have been reported in women of child bearing age.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Capillary hemangioma
  topic: keywords
subject: , Cavernous hemangioma
  topic: keywords
subject: Uterine adenomyosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Shweta S Joshi
creator: Bhushan M Warpe
creator: Prachi S Patil
creator: Bhumi Karodiya
creator: Bhumika M Siddhpara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shweta S Joshi, Bhushan M Warpe, Prachi S Patil, Bhumi Karodiya, Bhumika M Siddhpara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-14
publication date: 2025-08-14
starting page: 96
ending page: 99

A Prescription Audit Utilizing the World Health Organization Recommended Key Medication Use Indicators at a Tertiary Care Hospital, India
type: item
description: Background: Inappropriate drug usage is a global health issue, particularly in developing nations like India. Irrational drug use has a negative impact on both health and medical expenses. Prescription auditing is a crucial method for raising the standard of prescriptions, which raises the standard of care provided. The current study was conducted to evaluate the rational use of pharmaceuticals for completeness, readability, and against the key drug use indicators specified by the World Health Organization (WHO). Material and methods: In the surgery department, 300 prescriptions were chosen at random from the medical records for a cross-sectional retrospective analysis, regardless of the patient's diagnosis or characteristics. The WHO core drug use indicators, medical components, and general information were assessed for each prescription. Using Microsoft Excel, the collected data were tallied and shown as descriptive statistics. SPSS version 25 was used for analysis. Results: General information is included with every prescription. 67 percent of prescriptions were written under a generic name, while 85.6% of prescriptions included the diagnosis. On average, 11.45 prescription drugs were written. In 53.8% of prescriptions, the clinical examination was mentioned; however, in 94% of prescriptions, the history of allergy was not included. Conclusion: According to WHO-recommended parameters for quality improvement, our study emphasises the necessity of providing our prescribing physicians with detailed prescription writing training.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Fundamental indicators
  topic: keywords
subject: Audit of prescreption drugs
  topic: keywords
subject: sensible prescreption
  topic: keywords
creator: Shruti Singh
creator: Nirav Nimavat
creator: Divyesh Gohel
creator: Nishi Sinha
creator: Rajesh Kumar
creator: Sunil Kumar Singh
creator: Divya Harsha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shruti Singh, Nirav Nimavat, Diyesh Gohel, Nishi Sinha, Rajesh Kumar, Sunil Kumar Singh, Divya Harsha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-12
publication date: 2025-09-12
starting page: 116
ending page: 122

Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Study of Influenza and Their Subtypes Among Suspected Influenza Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Vadodara
type: item
description: Background: Influenza viruses cause significant respiratory illness, with seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics influenced by antigenic variation. Monitoring local prevalence and subtype distribution is vital for guiding public health responses. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March to December 2024. A total of 601 throat or nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected influenza cases were collected and tested using the PathoDetect™ multiplex real-time RT-PCR kit, which detects influenza A, B, and subtypes A(H1N1) and A(H3N2). Quality control included internal and external validation. Results: Overall positivity was 20.46%. The highest number of cases occurred in individuals >60 years, while the highest positivity rate was in children <10 years. Fever (78.86%) was the most common symptom; COPD (29.26%) was the leading comorbidity. Influenza A was predominant (92.97%), with H1N1 (53.90%) as the leading subtype, followed by H3N2 (8.59%). Two seasonal Peaks of H1N1 were observed in March–April and August–October. Five co-infections were detected: two with H1N1 and H3N2, and three involving Influenza B co-infected with H1N1, H3N2, and Untypable Influenza A. Conclusion: H1N1 is the dominant circulating strain. Findings highlight the need for continuous surveillance, timely diagnosis, and targeted vaccination. Broader community-based studies are recommended for comprehensive influenza control.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Influenza, H1N1, H3N2, Untypable Influenza
  topic: keywords
creator: Gulshan Chaudhary
creator: Jigna Karia
creator: Yash Khandelwal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gulshan Chaudhary, Jigna Karia, Yash Khandelwal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-25
publication date: 2025-11-25
starting page: 56
ending page: 63

Clinico-histopathological Correlation in Ectopic Pregnancy: Insights from a Rural Tertiary Center in Maharashtra, India
type: item
description: Background: Derived from the Greek word ektopus, meaning "out of place," ectopic pregnancy entails the implantation of conceptus in any site other than a normal uterine location.[1] It remains a formidable challenge in women's healthcare, posing risks to both maternal life [2] and future fertility with global incidence ranging from 1-2%,[3] with approximately 3.12 per 1000 pregnancies in India. This study endeavors to conduct a comprehensive analysis of ectopic pregnancy cases, underscoring the pivotal role of histopathological examination in not only confirming the diagnosis but also unraveling the underlying etiologies. By integrating clinical findings with pathology, we aim to improve diagnostic accuracy, enabling timely interventions, fertility preservation, and better patient outcomes. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 120 cases of ectopic pregnancy diagnosed between January 2021 and January 2024 at the Department of Pathology, Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural Government Medical College, Ambajogai. Clinical data, including age, parity, gestational age, and risk factors, were collected. Histopathological specimens were processed and examined using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, with detailed observations recorded and analyzed. Results: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 1.13% of all gynecological cases, with the majority (70.83%) of patients in the 21-30 years age group. Multigravidity was common, with 47.12% presenting during their second pregnancy. The fallopian tube was the most frequent implantation site (97.29%), and rupture occurred in 57.65% of cases. Histopathological findings included chronic salpingitis (56.48%), salpingitis isthmica nodosa (9.2%), and acute salpingitis (4.6%). Additionally, 16.66% of cases were classified as normal. Conclusion: Histopathological examination is essential for the accurate diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancies, particularly in atypical cases. The integration of clinical and p…
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: ectopic preganancy
  topic: keywords
subject: histopathology
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical coorelation
  topic: keywords
creator: Purva O Bhalerao
creator: Dnyaneshwar S Jadhav
creator: Sheela L Gaikwad
creator: Arvind N Bagate
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Purva O Bhalerao, Dnyaneshwar S Jadhav, Sheela L Gaikwad, Arvind N Bagate https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-23
publication date: 2025-09-23
starting page: 9
ending page: 15

Morbidity Patterns Among the Geriatric Population in Field Practice Area of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Ahmedabad: A Cross-sectional Study
type: item
description: Objective India is witnessing a demographic transition with the elderly population (≥ 60 years) projected to rise to 19% by 2050. This shift is associated with increased multimorbidity and a dual burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, posing significant public health challenges. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence and pattern of self-reported morbidities among the elderly, identify common health conditions, and examine their association with socio-demographic factors in the field practice area of B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2021 to August 2022 among 700 elderly individuals (≥60 years) attending health camps in five urban field practice areas. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured proforma through personal interviews, including socio-demographic profile, morbidity history, and age-related health conditions. Anthropometric measurements were also taken. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and z-test, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results Of the 700 participants (mean age 72.1±5.4 years), 70.7% reported at least one morbidity. Hypertension (53.4%) and diabetes (25.1%) were the leading chronic conditions, while visual problems (62.4%), oral issues (45.0%), and joint pain (38.7%) were the most frequent age-related conditions. Females had significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (60.4%) and visual problems, whereas males had higher ischemic heart disease (6.1%) and asthma (10.2%). The 60-79 year age-group had more hypertension (55.5%) and diabetes (42.3%), while those ≥80 years had higher ischemic heart disease (10.7%) and cancer (6.5%). Morbidity was significantly associated with age, sex, type of family, occupation, and BMI. Conclusions A substantial burden of chronic and age-related conditions was observed among the elderly, with clear socio-demographic variations. Femal…
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Elderly
  topic: keywords
subject: Morbidity pattern
  topic: keywords
subject: Resistant Hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: Diabetes
  topic: keywords
subject: Geriatric health
  topic: keywords
creator: Ravinabahen Patel
creator: Kinner Patel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ravinabahen Patel, Kinner Patel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-03
publication date: 2025-10-03
starting page: 16
ending page: 21

Comparative Impact of Refractive Correction Modalities on Quality of Life in Myopic Astigmatic Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
type: item
description: Background: Refractive errors, particularly myopic astigmatism, significantly affect visual function and quality of life (QoL). LASIK surgery has become a popular corrective option, offering spectacle independence and rapid visual recovery. However, comparative evidence on patient-reported outcomes between femtosecond laser-assisted and mechanical microkeratome-assisted LASIK remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the impact of LASIK on QoL using the validated Quality-of-Life Impact of Refractive Correction (QIRC) questionnaire and to compare outcomes across surgical techniques and nonsurgical correction methods. Material and methods: This prospective observational study included 150 patients with myopic astigmatism, aged 20–50 years, divided into three groups: femtosecond LASIK (n = 50), microkeratome LASIK (n = 50), and spectacle/contact lens users as controls (n = 50). The QIRC questionnaire was administered preoperatively and at one-month postoperatively for LASIK groups, and once for the control group. QIRC scores were analyzed for total, functional (Q1–Q13), and emotional (Q14–Q20) domains. Statistical comparisons were conducted using paired and independent t-tests, ANOVA, and effect size estimates. A clinically meaningful QoL improvement was defined as a ≥10-point increase in total QIRC score. Results: Both LASIK groups demonstrated statistically and clinically significant improvements in total QIRC scores (femtosecond: +14.20 ± 5.3; microkeratome: +12.37 ± 4.8; p < 0.001). Postoperative scores in LASIK patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two surgical techniques in postoperative QoL (p = 0.7865). Subscale analysis showed significant improvements in both functional and emotional domains, with females reporting greater gains in emotional well-being. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were recorded. Conclusion: LASIK significantly enha…
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: LASIK
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subject: Quality of life
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subject: QIRC
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subject: femtosecond laser
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subject: microkeratome
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subject: refractive error
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subject: myopia
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subject: astigmatism
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subject: patient-reported outcomes
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subject: vision corrections
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creator: Ankit S Varshney
creator: Mahendrasinh D Chauhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ankit S Varshney, Mahendrasinh D Chauhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 68
ending page: 79

Role of MRI in Evaluation of Compressive Myelopathy
type: item
description: Background: Compressive myelopathy is a critical condition that can result from various etiologies, including trauma, infection, neoplasms, and degenerative changes. MRI is considered the gold standard for assessing spinal cord compression, owing to its excellent soft tissue contrast and ability to produce multiplanar images. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the role of MRI in diagnosing and characterizing compressive myelopathy, with a focus on differentiating between extradural and intradural lesions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients with suspected compressive myelopathy referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, Assam. MRI scans were performed using a 1.5 Tesla Siemens Avanto machine. The lesions were categorized based on location (extradural vs. intradural) and etiology (trauma, infection, neoplasms, etc.). Results: The most common causes of compressive myelopathy was found to be infections (30%) and trauma (40%). Extradural lesions accounted for 84% of cases, while intradural lesions were less common (16%). MRI accurately identified cord compression, vertebral body destruction, and epidural soft tissue components in all cases. Trauma patients showed cord edema/contusion in 100% of cases, while infection cases demonstrated vertebral body destruction and pre/paravertebral collections in all cases. Neoplasms were predominantly intradural, with neurofibromas and meningiomas being the most common. Conclusion: MRI is an indispensable tool for the evaluation of compressive myelopathy, providing detailed information on the location, extent, and nature of spinal cord compression.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Compressive myelopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: MRI
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subject: spinal cord compression
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subject: extradural
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subject: intradural
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subject: trauma
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subject: infection
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subject: neoplasms
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creator: Ankur Kumar Phukan
creator: Bijit Kumar Duara
creator: Siddhartha Sarma Biswas
creator: Chittaranjan Sarma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ankur Kumar Phukan, Bijit Kumar Duara, Siddhartha Sarma Biswas, Chittaranjan Sarma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 89
ending page: 98

Lymph Node Cytopathology Reporting Based on the 2020 Sydney System Guidelines: Correlation Between Histopathology and Cytology
type: item
description: Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a useful method for diagnosing lymph node pathology. The updated Sydney System (2020) provides clear guidelines for categorizing and reporting FNAC results, promoting uniformity in terminology and criteria. This standardization is a significant step forward in lymph node pathology diagnosis. FNAC is a straightforward technique for diagnosing and assessing lymphadenopathies, but the presence of numerous conditions and cytomorphological similarities can complicate the diagnosis. This study aims to analyze lymph node cytopathology reports following the 2020 Sydney System guidelines and compare them with histopathological findings. Aim: The study assessed lymph node lesions using the Sydney system over 18 months and calculated the Risk of Malignancy (ROM) for each category by comparing it with histopathology diagnoses in available cases. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted from January 2022 to June 2023 at a tertiary care center's Pathology department. The study analyzed 260 lymph node aspirates collected over a one-and-a-half-year period using fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The aspirates were classified based on the Sydney System into five categories: L1 - non-diagnostic/inadequate, L2 - benign, L3 - atypical cells/atypical lymphoid cells of undetermined significance, L4 - suspicious for malignancy, and L5 - malignant. The accuracy of cytology and ROM was evaluated by comparing them to histopathology, the gold standard diagnosis. Results: Distribution of 260 cytological diagnoses of lymphadenopathy classified in the Sydney system by category were as follows: L1-16 (6.00%); L2-161 (62.00%); L3-06 (2.30%); L4-07 (2.70%); and L5-70 (27.00%) cases. Histopathology was considered the gold standard in 53 cases, revealing malignancy rates (ROM) of 0%, 3%, 66.66%, 100%, and 100% in each category. Cytological diagnosis showed a sensitivity of 95.65%, specificity of 96.29%, Positive Predictiv…
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Sydney System
  topic: keywords
subject: Lymph Node Cytopathology
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subject: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC)
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creator: Avani Patel
creator: Keval Patel
creator: Chandrikaben Vaniya
creator: Hiralben Barot
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Avani Patel , Keval Patel, Hiralben Rameshchandra Barot, Chandrikaben Chhaganbhai Vaniya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 99
ending page: 110