GAIMS Journal of Medical Sciences
type: channel
description: An official publication of Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences Published by: Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences G K General Hospital Opposite Lotus Colony Bhuj, Kachchh, Gujarat – 370001
publisher: Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences
language: en
publication name: GAIMS Journal of Medical Sciences
issn: 2583-1763
items: https://gjms.gaims.ac.in/index.php/gjms/article/view/581
items: Germinoma of the Pineal region in a Paediatric Immunocompromised Host: A Case Report
items: Integrating Artificial Intelligence Literacy into the Foundation Course of Competency Based Medical Education: A Proposed Module for Indian Undergraduate Medical Students
items: Prevalence, Severity, and Morphological Patterns of Anaemia Among Tribal Children and Adolescents in Chhotaudepur District, Gujarat: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
items: Morbidity among Marathi Medium Primary School Students in Urban Area: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: Survival Outcomes and Epidemiological Characteristics of Pediatric Leukemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study from a Tertiary Cancer Center in Western India
items: Wherefore Art Thou, Medical Textbooks?
items: Amino Acid Dysmetabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Integrated Analysis of Urinary Chromatography and Serum Amino Acid Profiles
items: Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorder Presenting With Metabolic Acidosis in a Preterm Infant
items: Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Among Medical Students: A 10-Year Comparison Using DASS-21
items: Prevalence of Cyberbullying and Its Association with Internet Addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder Among Medical Students of Western Gujarat; A Cross-Sectional Study
items: A Study of the Influence and Effectiveness of an Innovative Gharana Mentorship House System on Undergraduate Medical Students
items: Effect of Blood Pressure on Spirometer Variables in Undergraduate Students of a Medical College in North-East India
items: Morbidity Pattern Among Children Aged 3 to 6 Years Residing in an Urban Slum: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: Understanding Cervical Cancer Prevention and Practice of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Study Among Medical Students of Ahmedabad
items: Prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus in Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Vadodara
items: Decoding the Triglyceride/HDL-C Ratio: A Marker for Type-2 Diabetes Risk
items: Community Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Diarrhoea Prevention and Control - A Cross-sectional Study
items: Isolated Breast Hydatid Cyst: A Rare Case Report
items: Distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) Blood Groups among Voluntary Donors in Kachchh Gujarat
items: Impact of Counselling and Health Education on Treatment Adherence and Outcomes in MDR-TB Patients
items: Histopathological Spectrum of Salivary Gland Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Care Centre
items: Non-invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP): A Diagnostic Conundrum
items: The Influence of Magnesium on Blood Glucose Control
items: Cribriform Variant of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Hard Palate: A Case Report
items: Risk Profiling and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a District-Level Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: Bone Microarchitecture Quantification on High-Resolution Peripheral QCT in Pre-Menopausal Women
items: A Descriptive Study of Clinical Profile of Fever with Thrombocytopenia at Tertiary Care Centre of Maharashtra
items: The Diagnostic Approach to Headache in Otorhinolaryngology: A Systematic Review
items: The Great Imitator: A Case Series of Leprosy Mimicking Other Diseases

https://gjms.gaims.ac.in/index.php/gjms/article/view/581
type: item
title: A Retrospective Cohort Study to Compare the Efficacy of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Non-Synchronised Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation as Primary Post Extubation Respiratory Support in Preterm Neonates Admitted for Severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Tertiary Care NICU
description: Background - Evidence clearly shows that reducing the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation and early extubation helps to improve the long-term outcomes of preterm neonates. However, what is not clear is the initial mode of non-invasive support post extubation that may be provided to these preterm neonates. Resource limited public sector NICUs in developing countries like India often face a challenge of ensuring adequate number of machines to deliver NIPPV for all these preterm babies in post extubation period. Methods – This is a retrospective cohort study which included 60 neonates who were directly extubated to CPAP and were compared with 60 neonates extubated to non synchronised NIPPV, who were selected after propensity score matching with CPAP group. The primary outcome of interest was rate of extubation failure within 72 hours and need for escalation of respiratory support. Other outcomes that were looked at included the duration respiratory support; duration of hospital stay and rates of other complications between the two groups. Results – 13 babies in CPAP group experienced extubation failure while 11 in NIPPV group experienced it (p value = 0.84, cOR = 1.07); with results being not statistically significant. There was a significant reduction in duration of hospital stay (median = 5 days, p= 0.035, r= 0.11), however this did not translate to overall significant reduction in duration of hospital stay (p=0.48, r = 0.06) and other adverse outcomes. Kaplan Meier analysis revealed that probability of baby remaining extubated was also comparable in both groups. Conclusion- Standalone Bubble CPAP is equally efficacious as non synchronised NIPPV delivered by ventilator device in terms of preventing extubation failure and does not increase the overall duration of hospital stay and other adverse outcomes in preterm neonates. However more adequately powered randomised trials are needed to confirm these results.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Preterm baby
  topic: keywords
subject: respiratory distress syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: extubation failure
  topic: keywords
creator: Maitry Pathak
creator: Yashvi Dattani
creator: Sandeep Tilwani
creator: Taral Kesharani
creator: Rekha Thaddanee
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Maitry Pathak, Yashvi Dattani, Sandeep Tilwani, Taral Kesharani, Rekha Thaddanee https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-24
publication date: 2026-07-24
starting page: 111
ending page: 118

Germinoma of the Pineal region in a Paediatric Immunocompromised Host: A Case Report
type: item
description: Pineal region tumors constitute 0.4 to 1% of all intra-cranial neoplasms, with germinomas being the most common subtype, predominantly affecting adolescent males. Their occurrence in young children with concurrent immunocompromise is exceptionally rare and diagnostically challenging. A 9-year-old HIV positive male on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) presented with a two-month history of intermittent holocranial headache. Neuro-imaging revealed a 2.5 x 3.1 x 3.2 cm heterogenous pineal region mass with obstructive hydrocephalus. FDG-PET/CT demonstrated intense focal uptake (SUVmax 24.2) without systemic metastatic disease. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed lymphocytic pleocytosis with markedly elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH: 77 IU/L). Histopathological examination of biopsy tissue revealed large polyhedral cells with prominent nucleoli arranged in sheets, associated with dense fibrous stromal lymphocytosis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed positivity for c-KIT (CD-117) and podoplanin (D2-40), establishing a final diagnosis of intra-cranial/pineal germinoma. This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of pineal germinoma in an immunocompromised pediatric patient, where overlapping pathologies must be carefully excluded. Integration of advanced neuroimaging, CSF biochemistry, histopathology, and IHC is essential for definitive diagnosis. The radiosensitive nature of germinoma, if confirmed on molecular staging, offers a favorable prognosis with appropriate chemo-radiotherapy.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Germinoma
  topic: keywords
subject: HIV
  topic: keywords
subject: Pineal region tumor
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric oncology
  topic: keywords
creator: Bhushan M Warpe
creator: Shweta S Joshi
creator: Anshuli M Vispute
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Bhushan M. Warpe, Shweta S Joshi, Anshuli M Vispute https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-16
publication date: 2026-07-16
starting page: 81
ending page: 86

Integrating Artificial Intelligence Literacy into the Foundation Course of Competency Based Medical Education: A Proposed Module for Indian Undergraduate Medical Students
type: item
description: The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare is transforming clinical practice, medical education, and research. Despite its growing relevance, formal AI literacy remains absent from undergraduate medical curricula in India, creating a gap between technological advancement and medical training. The Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum introduced by the National Medical Commission emphasizes digital preparedness and provides an opportunity to address this gap through structured curricular innovation. This editorial proposes the integration of a 20-hour AI literacy module within the MBBS foundation course to equip undergraduate medical students with essential foundational competencies in AI.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Competency Based Medical Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Foundation Course
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Ajeet Kumar Khilnani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ajeet Kumar Khilnani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-24
publication date: 2026-05-24
starting page: i
ending page: iii

Prevalence, Severity, and Morphological Patterns of Anaemia Among Tribal Children and Adolescents in Chhotaudepur District, Gujarat: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Anaemia disproportionately affects tribal populations in India due to nutritional deficiencies, haemoglobinopathies, and limited healthcare access. Community-level data from tribal districts of Gujarat are lacking. Aims and Objectives: To assess the prevalence, severity, and morphological patterns of anaemia among tribal children and adolescents in Chhotaudepur district, Gujarat, and to evaluate its association with socio-demographic and anthropometric variables. Study Design: Community-based cross-sectional study. Setting: Government residential school, Kawant taluka, Chhotaudepur district, Gujarat, India (February–March 2025). Materials and Methods: A total of 1,478 tribal participants aged 10–20 years were enrolled. CBC was performed on a Sysmex XP-300 analyser; anaemia was classified by WHO 2011 haemoglobin thresholds (age- and sex-stratified) and morphologically by MCV/MCH. Sickling solubility test (2% sodium metabisulphite) was used for haemoglobinopathy screening. Statistics: IBM SPSS v25.0; chi-square, Fisher’s exact, independent t-test, and Spearman correlation; p<0.05 considered significant. Results: Anaemia prevalence was 60.08% (95% CI: 57.6–62.6%). Among anaemic participants, 63.96% had mild, 33.33% moderate, and 2.70% severe anaemia. Microcytic anaemia was the predominant morphological type (95.27%); no macrocytic anaemia was detected. Sickling solubility test positivity was observed in 10.22% of participants. Anaemia was significantly associated with caste (p=0.005) but not with age, sex, below poverty line status, or anthropometric parameters. Conclusion: Anaemia is highly prevalent among tribal school-going children in Chhotaudepur, with a predominantly microcytic pattern likely due to iron deficiency, as confirmatory iron studies were not performed. Scheduled Tribe membership was the sole significant socio-demographic predictor. Targeted nutritional interventions, iron supplementation, and haemoglobinopathy electrophoresis-based screeni…
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Anaemia
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescent
  topic: keywords
subject: Tribal Population
  topic: keywords
subject: Iron Deficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Haemoglobinopathies
  topic: keywords
creator: Mukundkumar Vaja
creator: Pooja Patel
creator: Dipika Bhil
creator: Tirth Solanki
creator: Hitul Patel
creator: Chetan Chowdary
creator: Jinal Mehta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mukundkumar Vaja, Pooja Patel, Dipika Bhil, Tirth Solanki, Hitul Patel, Chetan Chowdary, Jinal Mehta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-23
publication date: 2026-07-23
starting page: 96
ending page: 105

Morbidity among Marathi Medium Primary School Students in Urban Area: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Students is the wealth of the nation as they constitute one of the major and important segments of the society. The foundation of good health and sound mind is laid during the school age period. Children undergo rapid change in the behavior and their health takes shape during this period. In view of this, study was conducted to assess the health status of the primary school students in urban area. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in urban area among Marathi medium private primary school children. The school was selected by non-probability convenient sampling method. All the students present in the school were included in the study. Pre-designed proforma was used to record the data. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed. Chi-square test was applied. The statistical significance level was fixed at p<0.05. Results: Total 269 primary school students were examined of which 06(02.23%), 08(02.97%) and 28(10.41%) were overweight, obese and underweight respectively. 20(07.43%) subjects were having poor personal hygiene. Total 128(47.58%) students were having one or more morbidity. Of the 128(47.58%) subjects with morbidity, 96(35.69%) were suffering from dental problems, 20(07.43%) were having ear wax, 42(15.61%) were having pallor and 10(03.72%) were suffering from upper respiratory tract infection. The proportion of morbid students was highest (57.41%) in 2nd standard. Conclusion: The common morbidities found among primary school children can be addressed with effective implementation of school health program. Parents and teachers should be actively involved in this initiative to achieve desired outcome.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Morbidity
  topic: keywords
subject: Marathi Medium
  topic: keywords
subject: Primary School Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Ravindra Balaram Gurav
creator: Pranoy Sam Geevarghese
creator: Aishwarya Suresh Nair
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ravindra Balaram Gurav, Pranoy Sam Geevarghese, Aishwarya Suresh Nair https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-10
publication date: 2026-07-10
starting page: 74
ending page: 80

Survival Outcomes and Epidemiological Characteristics of Pediatric Leukemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study from a Tertiary Cancer Center in Western India
type: item
description: Background Leukemia represents the most common malignancy among children worldwide and contributes substantially to pediatric cancer mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Survival outcomes vary widely depending on disease subtype, treatment availability, and healthcare resources. Objectives To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics and survival outcomes of pediatric leukemia patients treated at a tertiary care cancer center in Western India. Materials & Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad. Pediatric patients aged ≤18 years diagnosed with leukemia in the year 2019 were included and followed up for the period of five years till December 2024. Data were extracted from hospital-based cancer registry records and medical case files. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to estimate overall survival, and regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results A total of 424 pediatric leukemia patients were included in the study. The cohort comprised 65.6% males and 34.4% females, with a mean age at diagnosis of approximately 8.5 years. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most common subtype (77.4%), followed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (17%) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (5.7%). The five-year overall survival proportion was 46.2%. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated significant differences in survival according to leukemia subtype (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, AML was associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality compared with CML (AOR=4.56; 95% CI:1.67-12.46; p=0.003). Conclusion The study demonstrates substantial variation in survival outcomes among pediatric leukemia subtypes, with AML showing significantly poorer prognosis compared with ALL and CML. Strengthening early diagnosis, treatment adherence, and supportive care services in tertiary cancer centers may improve survival outcomes among childr…
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Pediatric leukemia
  topic: keywords
subject: Survival analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Kaplan–Meier
  topic: keywords
subject: Childhood cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
creator: Helie Raval
creator: Kiruthika Narayanan
creator: Dale Montes
creator: Anand Shah
creator: Chinmay Doctor
creator: Ashishkumar Batham
creator: Mohit Makwana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Helie Raval, Kiruthika Narayanan, Dale Montes, Anand Shah, Chinmay Doctor, Ashishkumar Batham, Mohit Makwana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-16
publication date: 2026-04-16
starting page: 9
ending page: 17

Wherefore Art Thou, Medical Textbooks?
type: item
description: Medical textbooks once formed the intellectual backbone of medical education. Today, their place is increasingly challenged by PDFs, online resources, and AI-driven tools. This editorial explores whether the pursuit of digital convenience risks eroding the depth of understanding essential for safe clinical practice.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Ajeet Kumar Khilnani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ajeet Kumar Khilnani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-10
publication date: 2026-03-10
starting page: i
ending page: ii

Amino Acid Dysmetabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Integrated Analysis of Urinary Chromatography and Serum Amino Acid Profiles
type: item
description: Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a complex metabolic disorder associated with significant disruptions in glucose and amino acid metabolism. Growing evidence indicates that altered plasma amino acid profiles and increased urinary amino acid excretion (aminoacidurias) are defining metabolic features of T2DM, reflecting insulin resistance, enhanced gluconeogenesis, and impaired protein metabolism. Materials and methods: In this case–control study, 115 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 115 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Urinary aminoacidurias were screened using paper chromatography, and serum amino acid profiles were analysed using GC–MS. Differences in amino acid patterns and their correlations with disease severity and metabolic parameters were assessed. Results: The study offers new insights into altered amino acid metabolism in type 2 diabetes and identifies potential biomarkers for diagnosis and disease monitoring. These findings suggest future therapeutic avenues and improve understanding of the metabolic complexity of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: These findings emphasise the utility of amino acid profiling as a diagnostic and therapeutic approach in type 2 diabetes mellitus management.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Amino acids
  topic: keywords
subject: aminoacidurias
  topic: keywords
subject: Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Paper chromatography
  topic: keywords
subject: Type 2 diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
creator: Dinesh Kumar Sharma
creator: Sudama Rathore
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dinesh Kumar Sharma, Sudama Rathore https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-18
publication date: 2026-04-18
starting page: 36
ending page: 44

Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorder Presenting With Metabolic Acidosis in a Preterm Infant
type: item
description: Long‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC‐FAODs) are rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorders caused by defects in mitochondrial β‐oxidation. They often present in infancy with hypoketotic hypoglycaemia, cardiomyopathy, hepatic dysfunction or sudden metabolic decompensation. We report a 33.5‐week gestation male neonate with birth weight 1.240 kg, born to non‐consanguineous parents, who presented in the first days of life with persistent metabolic acidosis, hyperkalaemia and hypocalcaemia despite normal blood glucose. Newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry showed marked elevations of long‐chain acylcarnitines (C14, C14:1, C18) together with hydroxyacylcarnitines (C16‐OH, C18‐OH), a pattern suggestive of very‐long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) or mitochondrial trifunctional protein (TFP) deficiency. Simultaneously, urine organic acid analysis revealed a 55‐fold increase in 4‐hydroxyphenyllactic acid (4‑HPLA) and mild elevation of 4‑hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4‑HPPA), raising the possibility of concomitant tyrosinaemia or a mitochondrial disorder. Management with avoidance of fasting, continuous glucose infusion, and medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation led to gradual biochemical improvement. This case illustrates the diagnostic complexity of metabolic screening in preterm infants and underscores the importance of integrating clinical context with metabolic data. Early recognition and dietary intervention in LC‐FAOD can significantly improve outcomes.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorder
  topic: keywords
subject: Very-Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Newborn Screening
  topic: keywords
subject: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Preterm Infant
  topic: keywords
creator: Dharmikkumar S Patel
creator: Keyur H Madhu
creator: Deepak R Thakor
creator: Meet Prajapati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dharmikkumar S. Patel, Keyur H. Madhu, Deepak R. Thakor, Meet Prajapati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
starting page: 45
ending page: 51

Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Among Medical Students: A 10-Year Comparison Using DASS-21
type: item
description: Background: Medical education is challenging which poses significant concern of mental health issues of medical students, especially first year medical students. Mental health assessment of first year MBBS students helps in management of mental health issues like stress, anxiety and depression. Material and methods: The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) is a widely used scale for assessing psychological distress. This study examines changes in stress, anxiety, and depression scores among 1st year medical students of 2015 (n = 130) and 2025 (n = 218) batches using raw subscale totals from self-reported data. Result: Statistical analysis shows mean increases across all subscales: stress from 6.22 to 7.31, anxiety from 4.84 to 6.81, and depression from 4.36 to 5.58. Severity distributions shifted toward higher levels, particularly for anxiety (e.g., extremely severe from 6.2% to 28.4%). Independent samples t-tests confirmed statistically significant differences (p < 0.01 for all). Conclusion: These findings match with broader trends in mental health deterioration after COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring and interventions. Possible stressor can also be changed medical education curriculum in form of CBME.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: DASS-21
  topic: keywords
subject: stress
  topic: keywords
subject: anxiety
  topic: keywords
subject: depression
  topic: keywords
subject: 10-year comparison
  topic: keywords
subject: mental health trends
  topic: keywords
creator: Urvashi Kapadia
creator: Kartik Patel
creator: Neeraj Mahajan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Urvashi Kapadia, Kartik Patel, Neeraj Mahajan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-24
publication date: 2026-07-24
starting page: 106
ending page: 110

Prevalence of Cyberbullying and Its Association with Internet Addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder Among Medical Students of Western Gujarat; A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Increasing digital technology use has introduced important behavioural health concerns in student populations, including cyberbullying, internet addiction (IA), and internet gaming disorder (IGD). Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of cyberbullying and examine its associations with IA and IGD among undergraduate medical students in Western Gujarat. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 6 months among 160 MBBS students (≥18 years). Participants completed a socio-demographic proforma, Revised Cyberbullying Inventory (RCBI-R), Young’s Internet Addiction Test–Short Form (YIAT-SF), and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short Form (IGDS9-SF). Data were analysed in jamovi using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests; p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Participants’ mean age was 19.8 ± 0.9 years; 76 were male and 84 female. Moderate-to-severe IA prevalence was 19.4%, and nearly half had mild IA. Overall, 18.1% reported cyberbullying involvement (11.3% perpetrators; 6.9% victims). IGD prevalence was 7.5%. Cyberbullying involvement increased significantly with greater IA severity (χ²=87.3, df=6, p<0.01). IGD was significantly higher among students involved in cyberbullying than those never exposed (χ²=47.3, df=2, p<0.01). IGD prevalence also rose sharply with increasing IA severity (χ²=96.73, df=3, p<0.01). Conclusions: Cyberbullying, IA, and IGD were prevalent and strongly associated in this medical student cohort, underscoring the need for screening and targeted preventive strategies. Gaming disorder is recognized in ICD-11 as impaired control, prioritization, and continuation despite negative consequences.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Cyberbullying
  topic: keywords
subject: Internet addiction
  topic: keywords
subject: Internet gaming disorder
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical students
  topic: keywords
creator: Nileshwari Vala
creator: Jay Daftary
creator: Yash Hirani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jay Daftary, Nileshwari Vala, Yash Hirani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
starting page: 52
ending page: 59

A Study of the Influence and Effectiveness of an Innovative Gharana Mentorship House System on Undergraduate Medical Students
type: item
description: Background: Mentorship is an important educational strategy to foster academic success, personal wellbeing and professional development in undergraduate medical students. As group mentoring holds immense potential in medical education, the Gharana Mentorship House System, inspired by house mentorship models in schools, was implemented for the first time at Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences (GAIMS), Bhuj, India, to enhance mentorship for undergraduate students. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a new concept of Gharana mentorship house system program for undergraduate students at GAIMS, Bhuj. Objectives: a) To assess the perception of mentees and mentors about the program. B) To assess academic performance and attendance of students to measure effectiveness of Gharana Program. C) To identify the strengths and challenges of this mentorship program Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at GAIMS where the Gharana Mentorship House system was introduced. Data was collected from volunteer mentors and mentees using validated semi structured Google questionnaires containing both open and closed ended questions. Attendance records and marks obtained in exams were procured from academic records Results: 230 mentees and 30 mentors volunteered to participate in the study. Quantitative analysis revealed statistically significant association in improvement of students’ attendance and academic performance (p < 0.0001). Quantitative analysis of perception of both mentors and mentees was positive. Mentees expressed that this program had provided them with both professional and personal support. Most mentors agreed that the program was running as planned, there was no additional burden on them, and that they were motivated to volunteer for future mentoring. Qualitative themes highlighted the challenges, valuable insights and experiences of mentors from the mentor mentee relationship Conclusion: The Gharana Mentorship House System is an innovative an…
subject: Medical Education
  topic: section
subject: Mentorship program
  topic: keywords
subject: Gharana house system
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical education
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical student mentorship
  topic: keywords
subject: Longitudinal mentorship
  topic: keywords
subject: Peer mentoring
  topic: keywords
creator: Devika Bhat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Devika Bhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
starting page: 80
ending page: 88

Effect of Blood Pressure on Spirometer Variables in Undergraduate Students of a Medical College in North-East India
type: item
description: Background: Medicos must be physically fit before serving patients. Blood pressure and Spirometer variables are essential markers of health status of an individual. . Our study aims at determining the effect of Blood Pressure on Pulmonary parameters of medical students to identify the Risk Groups who are prone to develop Hypertension and to provide recommendations. Material and methods: Students were classified on the basis of BP (viz. Normotensive, Hypertensive). Spirometric variables viz. FVC, FEV1, PEFR of the students were recorded and compared between the hypotensives, normotensives and hypertensive students. The response frequencies and descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviations were calculated. In case of more than two variables, P values were calculated using ANOVA test by Interactive statistics software. The P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Comparison of spirometric variables showed that FVC, FEV1, PEFR values decreased as we go from hypotensives, to normotensives to hypertensives. Conclusion: This study found decreasing trend of pulmonary functions with increase in blood pressure. We recommended for changing life style that includes reduced consumption of fat rich diets, fast foods, salt restriction, performing regular physical exercises, yoga, meditation, sticking to a routine time table for sports, study and sleeping hours so as to tackle the burden of noncommunicable diseases among the new-generation physicians.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Medical Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Blood pressure
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: Spirometer
  topic: keywords
creator: Abirlal Sen
creator: Geeta Baruah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Abirlal Sen, Geeta Baruah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-21
publication date: 2026-07-21
starting page: 87
ending page: 91

Morbidity Pattern Among Children Aged 3 to 6 Years Residing in an Urban Slum: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Children residing in urban slums face a wide range of health problems such as malnutrition, respiratory infections, and gastrointestinal problems. These health problems are driven by factors like poor sanitation, polluted water, limited access to the health care services, lack of proper nutrition and environmental hazards. These issues contribute to poor physical and cognitive development and increased morbidity among the children. The objective of this study was to observe the morbidity and its socio-demographic determinants among slum children. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among children residing in an urban slum in Thane in January 2025 using complete enumeration technique. All the children aged 3 to 6 years residing in a defined urban slum were included in the study. Thorough clinical examination of the subjects was performed through house-to-house survey. Socio-demographic data and clinical examination findings were recorded in the proforma. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and statistically analyzed. Chi-square test was applied. Results: Total 159 children were examined. 51.57% were females and 48.43% were males. 59.12% subjects had morbidity. Respiratory problems were the most frequent (44.03%). Morbidity did not show any statistically significant association with gender, age, religion, or class. It was slightly higher among males (59.74%), and among children aged 3-4 years (61.82%). Also, it was higher among Hindu children (64.29%). Across classes, morbidity was most common in Junior Kindergarten (71.43%), followed by Nursery (52.83%) and Senior Kindergarten (52.00%) (p>0.05). Conclusion: Understanding and addressing children’s health in slum settings should be a priority for the health care services.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Morbidity
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Slum Children
  topic: keywords
creator: Namrata Vijay Kulkarni
creator: Ravindra Balaram Gurav
creator: Amit Yadav
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Namrata Vijay Kulkarni, Ravindra Balaram Gurav, Amit Yadav https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 149
ending page: 155

Understanding Cervical Cancer Prevention and Practice of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Study Among Medical Students of Ahmedabad
type: item
description: Background: Early HPV vaccination can significantly reduce the burden of cervical cancer, yet most of India’s population remains unprotected. Medical students, as future healthcare advocates, are key to improving HPV vaccination through their awareness and practice. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic profile of participants, measure their awareness about cervical cancer and its prevention, vaccination status, and to correlate these findings with socio-demographic details. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 181 medical students of Ahmedabad using a standardized, validated questionnaire consisting of open ended, Yes/No/Don’t know and MCQ questions. Statistical analysis was performed and appropriate tests were applied. Results: The study included 128 females (70.7%) and 53 males (29.3% ) with a mean age of 19.85 ± 1.60 years. While 82.3% identified cervical cancer as a leading cause of death among women, only 56.9% were aware that HPV affects both genders. Although 77.3% were aware of the HPV vaccine, correct knowledge about the recommended age group and dose schedule was low (14.9% and 5.5%respectively). Only 43 students (23.75%) were vaccinated with significantly more females being vaccinated (z = 2.5297, p = 0.0114). Among unvaccinated participants, the major barriers to HPV vaccination included lack of knowledge (31.15%), limited access to vaccine (10%), and lack of motivation (6.52%). Conclusion: Although awareness about HPV infection and cervical cancer among medical students is good, there is a lack of awareness and knowledge about prevention of cervical cancer. Practice of HPV vaccination among medical students was found to be low.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Cervical cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Papillomavirus
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: Vaccination
  topic: keywords
creator: Richa Gupta
creator: Sheetal Shrimali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Richa Gupta, Sheetal Shrimali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 111
ending page: 117

Prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus in Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Vadodara
type: item
description: Background: The 27 nm, non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA Hepatitis A virus (HAV) belongs to the genus Hepatovirus and family Picornaviridae. The hepatitis A virus, which causes both sporadic and epidemic forms of acute hepatitis, is mostly transmitted through the fecal-oral route, which involves consuming tainted food and beverages. Material and methods: Over a period of 1 year from April 2024 to March 2025, a total of 431 blood samples from clinically suspected Hepatits A patients were received in department of microbiology. Serum was separated and subjected to enzyme immunoassay for detection of HAV IgM Antibody (anti- HAV IgM). Results: During this study period, a total 431 blood samples were processed from suspected Hepatitis A cases out of which 112 (26%) samples were found to be positive for HAV IgM Antibody (anti- HAV IgM). Conclusion: HAV causes AVH most commonly in early childhood and a small number of adolescents and adults. Females are more commonly infected than males. The preventive strategies and control measures of hepatitis A will be determined by future definition of HAV epidemiology in the Central Karnataka region, India.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Hepatitis A
  topic: keywords
subject: anti-HAV IgM
  topic: keywords
subject: ELISA
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevalence
  topic: keywords
creator: Muthukumaran
creator: Mitesh Kamothi
creator: Ritapa Ghosh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muthukumaran, Mitesh Kamothi, Ritapa Ghosh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 69
ending page: 73

Decoding the Triglyceride/HDL-C Ratio: A Marker for Type-2 Diabetes Risk
type: item
description: Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder worldwide. Beyond the established markers of glycemic control and insulin resistance (IR), there remains a need for reliable, accessible, and reproducible indicators. To address this, our study evaluated the triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio (THR) as a potential marker for insulin resistance and glycemic regulation. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed TG, fasting serum glucose (FSG), and fasting insulin levels from 953 samples processed between March and August 2024. Based on homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, patients were categorized into two groups: good versus poor glycemic control. The discriminatory power of the triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (THR) for differentiating these groups was evaluated using Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: The mean age of participants was 40.83 ± 16.78 years. Significant differences (p<0.001) were observed between patients with good and poor glycemic control in gender, FSG, HOMA-IR, FI, TG, and THR, but not in age (p=0.613). Pairwise correlation showed THR had a moderate negative correlation with HDL (r=-0.555, p<0.001) and a strong positive correlation with TG (r=0.959, p<0.001). With a cutoff value of ≥2.64, THR demonstrated high selectivity and positive predictive value (PPV) (AUC=0.72; Se=65%; Sp=70%; p<0.001; 95% CI: 0.66–0.78). Men were 2.247 times more likely than women to exhibit poor glycemic control (p=0.022). The risk of poor control increased by 1.045-fold with age and 1.056-fold with glucose (p=0.007). Conclusion: Based on our findings, the THR appears to be a promising marker for assessing glycemic control and insulin resistance.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
subject: Glycemic Control
  topic: keywords
subject: HDL-C
  topic: keywords
subject: Insulin resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Triglyceride
  topic: keywords
creator: Asha Gupta
creator: Dinesh Kumar Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asha Gupta, Dinesh Kumar Sharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-05
publication date: 2025-11-05
starting page: 49
ending page: 55

Community Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Diarrhoea Prevention and Control - A Cross-sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Diarrhoea remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five in India, despite the availability of simple, cost-effective preventive and management interventions such as oral rehydration solution (ORS), zinc, safe water, hygiene, and vaccination. A persistent gap between caregiver knowledge and actual practice continues to sustain the disease burden. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the prevention and control of diarrhoea among caregivers in a rural community. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among caregivers in the rural field practice area of a medical college in western india, using a pretested, structured questionnaire administered through household interviews. Results: A total of 437 participants were included in the study. Most respondents had heard of diarrhoea (84%) and were aware of ORS (73%), while awareness of the rotavirus vaccine was low (27%). Favorable attitudes were seen for hand hygiene (85%) and trust in health workers (74%). However, only 38% always administered ORS and 43% continued breastfeeding during diarrhoeal episodes, and only 30% consistently reheated leftover food. Overall, 73% of respondents had good knowledge and 68% had favorable attitudes, but only 18% demonstrated good practices. 27% of households reported a diarrhoeal episode in a child in the preceding six months. Conclusion: Caregivers in the study population had satisfactory knowledge and attitudes regarding diarrhoea prevention, but this was not matched by adequate preventive and management practices, reflecting a substantial knowledge-practice gap. Strengthening ORS use, continued breastfeeding during illness, and safe food-handling practices through community health worker-led counselling could help translate existing awareness into effective action.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Diarrhoea
  topic: keywords
subject: knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Caregivers
  topic: keywords
subject: Oral Rehydration Solution
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural community
  topic: keywords
creator: Ashadevi H. Sisodiya
creator: Ripal Panchal
creator: Gaurav Desai
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ashadevi H. Sisodiya, Ripal Panchal, Gaurav Desai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-29
publication date: 2026-07-29
starting page: 119
ending page: 127

Isolated Breast Hydatid Cyst: A Rare Case Report
type: item
description: Echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a significant yet uncommon zoonotic disease. Humans become infected by eating food contaminated with dog feces or by coming into close contact with animals; the liver and lungs are usually affected. Nevertheless, breast hydatid cysts are extremely uncommon, making for only 0.27% of all occurrences. This report describes the case of a 37-year-old woman who had been experiencing pain and swelling in her right breast for six months.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Breast hydatid cyst
  topic: keywords
subject: Echinococcosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Hydatid disease
  topic: keywords
creator: Rutu B Chapla
creator: Pankti D Panchal
creator: Asha D Halpati
creator: Hardik K Bhavsar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rutu B Chapla, Pankti D Panchal, Asha D Halpati, Hardik K Bhavsar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 160
ending page: 162

Distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) Blood Groups among Voluntary Donors in Kachchh Gujarat
type: item
description: Background: The ABO and Rh blood group systems are the most important blood group systems in Transfusion Medicine. This study was carried out with an objective to study the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among voluntary blood donors in Western Gujarat, India which is essential for effective management of blood inventory. Material and methods: The present retrospective study was carried out at GKGH Blood centre. The data of present study is from 01/01/2024 TO 31/12/2024. Total 19355 voluntary blood donors were considered medically fit and accepted for blood donation. ABO and Rh typing were done by Complete Grouping Card method by Tulip matrix, both forward and reverse blood grouping after validation at blood centre. Results: Out of 11,013 blood donors O blood group was most common (3520-31.96%) and the least blood group was AB Blood group (70-0.63%). There were more Rh-Positive blood donors as compared to Rh Negative blood donors. Conclusion: The most common blood group among voluntary donors was O positive and least common blood group was AB negative.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: ABO Group
  topic: keywords
subject: Rhesus Group
  topic: keywords
subject: Voluntary Blood Donors
  topic: keywords
creator: Saniyah Godar
creator: Suman Khoja
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Saniyah Godar, Suman Khoja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-25
publication date: 2025-11-25
starting page: 64
ending page: 67

Impact of Counselling and Health Education on Treatment Adherence and Outcomes in MDR-TB Patients
type: item
description: Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a major public health challenge due to prolonged treatment, high pill burden, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and poor adherence. Non-adherence is strongly associated with unfavourable outcomes, morbidity, and mortality. Counselling and health education are critical interventions to sustain motivation, improve adherence, and enhance treatment outcomes. This study evaluates the role of counselling in MDR-TB management within the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC). Objectives: To assess knowledge and self-care practices related to infection control among MDR-TB patients. To explore patients’ perceptions regarding the role of counselling in treatment adherence. To identify challenges encountered by counsellors in delivering effective counselling. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February–October 2021 across five randomly selected TB units under AMC. A total of 115 MDR-TB patients who completed treatment between January–September 2021 were interviewed using a semi-structured proforma. In-depth interviews with five TB counsellors were also conducted. Data were collected through telephonic interviews, home visits, and open-ended discussions. Results: Of 115 patients, most acknowledged counselling as pivotal in adherence and infection control. Knowledge of self-care practices was limited, with males and less-educated patients scoring significantly lower. Counsellors identified stigma, lack of family support, and ADRs as major challenges. Nonetheless, their role was perceived as essential in sustaining adherence and facilitating treatment completion. Conclusion: Counselling and health education substantially influence adherence and outcomes in MDR-TB patients. Strengthening patient-centred counselling strategies is crucial to improve treatment success and reduce MDR-TB burden.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Ahmedabad
  topic: keywords
subject: Counselling
  topic: keywords
subject: Health education
  topic: keywords
subject: Infection Control
  topic: keywords
subject: MDR-TB
  topic: keywords
subject: Treatment adherence
  topic: keywords
creator: Karuna A Vasava
creator: Sonal Shah Parikh
creator: Veneel A Parikh
creator: Ashadevi H Sisodiya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Karuna A Vasava , Sonal Shah Parikh, Veneel A. Parikh , Ashadevi H. Sisodiya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

Histopathological Spectrum of Salivary Gland Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Care Centre
type: item
description: Background: Salivary gland lesions represent a broad and heterogeneous spectrum of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic pathologies. These conditions frequently exhibit significant overlapping histo-morphological patterns, which present considerable diagnostic challenges for pathologists. Definitive characterization of these lesions relies primarily on comprehensive histopathological examination, judiciously supplemented by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to achieve accurate subtyping and to facilitate precise prognostic stratification. Aims and Objectives: This study was meticulously designed with two primary objectives: first, to systematically delineate the histopathological spectrum of salivary gland tumors and tumor-like conditions that are routinely encountered at a major tertiary care referral center. Second, a crucial aim was to critically evaluate the diagnostic yield of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and to assess the role of IHC in establishing definitive and accurate diagnoses for these complex lesions. Materials and Methods: A total of fifty-one salivary gland specimens were meticulously subjected to retrospective review. Comprehensive data retrieved from departmental archives. Final diagnoses were stratified into three distinct categories: benign tumors, malignant tumors, and tumor-like or non-neoplastic conditions. FNAC reports were subsequently compared with the histopathological outcomes to compute key diagnostic performance metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy. Results: The study cohort comprised 51 patients, consisting of 29 males and 22 females, which yielded a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. The mean age of the cohort was determined to be 43.2. The parotid gland was the most commonly involved anatomical site (80.4%), followed by submandibular gland (11.8%) and minor salivary glands (2%). Benign tumors constituted 45.1% of all cases, while malignant tum…
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Pleomorphic adenoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Warthin tumor
  topic: keywords
subject: Immunohistochemistry
  topic: keywords
creator: S Preetha
creator: R Hemapriya
creator: P Priyadharshini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 S Preetha, R Hemapriya, P Priyadharshini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-25
publication date: 2026-01-25
starting page: 124
ending page: 131

Non-invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP): A Diagnostic Conundrum
type: item
description: Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is a recently recognized thyroid tumor that mimics papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) but demonstrates an indolent course and excellent prognosis. Accurate diagnosis is critical to prevent overtreatment. We report a 20-year-old female with a gradually enlarging, painless midline neck swelling. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) performed twice yielded results suspicious for malignancy (Bethesda category V). Ultrasonography revealed a well-defined encapsulated nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid, categorized as TIRADS grade 3. CT imaging confirmed a circumscribed lesion with cystic and calcific foci, exerting mild pressure on adjacent vessels but without infiltration or lymphadenopathy. Based on these findings, a total thyroidectomy was performed. Gross examination revealed a tan-colored, encapsulated lesion measuring 2 × 1.5 × 1.4 cm. Histopathology demonstrated nuclear features of PTC with occasional psammoma bodies but no capsular/vascular invasion, papillary structures, tumor necrosis, or mitotic activity. A final diagnosis of NIFTP was made. NIFTP poses a diagnostic challenge due to its cytological and radiological overlap with thyroid carcinoma. Awareness of this entity is crucial to avoid unnecessary aggressive treatment. Lobectomy is usually sufficient, but total thyroidectomy may be performed due to preoperative diagnostic uncertainty.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: NIFTP
  topic: keywords
subject: thyroid neoplasm
  topic: keywords
subject: papillary thyroid carcinoma
  topic: keywords
subject: FNAC
  topic: keywords
subject: case report
  topic: keywords
creator: Bhushan M Warpe
creator: Shweta S Joshi
creator: Sai Kaushal Manchikalapudi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bhushan M Warpe, Shweta S Joshi, Sai Kaushal Manchikalapudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-21
publication date: 2026-07-21
starting page: 92
ending page: 95

The Influence of Magnesium on Blood Glucose Control
type: item
description: Background: Magnesium acts as a cofactor in glucose phosphorylation and numerous other enzymatic reactions. Its deficiency may contribute to insulin resistance, carbohydrate intolerance, and dyslipidemia. Reduced serum magnesium levels have been linked to the development of diabetic complications, including retinopathy, altered platelet function, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. The present study aimed to examine the association between serum magnesium levels and glucose regulation. Materials and methods: Data from 256 patients who underwent serum testing for glucose, magnesium, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and lipid profile between May 2024 and June 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on glucose and HbA1c values defined by the 2017 American Diabetes Association guidelines, participants were categorized into three groups: non-diabetic, prediabetic, and diabetic. Intergroup comparisons were conducted using the Kruskal–Wallis H test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Among the participants, 137 were nondiabetic, 85 were prediabetic, and 34 were diabetic, with median ages (range) of 40 years (24–55), 45 years (35–58), and 48 years (30–57), respectively. Magnesium levels differed significantly between the nondiabetic and diabetic groups, as well as between the prediabetic and diabetic groups (both p<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between the nondiabetic and prediabetic groups. Patients with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥2.5) had significantly lower magnesium levels (p=0.020). Furthermore, serum magnesium showed a significant negative correlation with glucose (r=–0.244, p<0.001), HbA1c (r=–0.332, p<0.001), and HOMA-IR values (r=–0.162, p=0.010). Conclusion: Magnesium serves as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in carbohydrate oxidation and is essential for glucose transport across the cell membrane. This study found that reduced magnesium levels adversely influenced glucose regulation. Incorporating magnesium-rich …
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
subject: Insulin
  topic: keywords
subject: Magnesium
  topic: keywords
subject: Pre-diabetes
  topic: keywords
creator: Kiran R Bagale
creator: Dinesh Kumar Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kiran R Bagale, Dinesh Kumar Sharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-17
publication date: 2025-09-17
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

Cribriform Variant of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Hard Palate: A Case Report
type: item
description: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ADCC) is an uncommon malignant tumor of the salivary glands, often involving the palate. It is notorious for its indolent yet infiltrative behavior, characterized by perineural invasion and late recurrences. Its presentation may overlap with benign odontogenic lesions, creating diagnostic dilemmas. A 40-year-old male presented with a 6-month history of swelling, pain, and tooth mobility in the left maxillary region, accompanied by occasional bleeding. Computed tomography revealed a multilocular hypodense lesion extending from the left maxilla to the palate with bone destruction. Radiological impression suggested an odontogenic tumor. Histopathological examination of an incisional biopsy confirmed adenoid cystic carcinoma, cribriform type. The patient underwent partial maxillectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy. ADCC in the minor salivary glands can radiographically resemble ameloblastoma or other multilocular lesions, leading to potential misdiagnosis. Histopathology remains the cornerstone for diagnosis, grading, and prognosis determination. Radical surgical excision with tumor-free margins combined with postoperative radiotherapy offers the best control. Long-term surveillance is essential due to its unpredictable late metastasis. Palatal lesions with multilocular radiolucency warrant histopathological confirmation before definitive management. Early detection and multidisciplinary treatment planning are vital for improving survival outcomes.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Adenoid cystic carcinoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Hard Palate
  topic: keywords
subject: Minor salivary gland
  topic: keywords
subject: Cribriform
  topic: keywords
subject: Maxilla
  topic: keywords
creator: Bhushan M. Warpe
creator: Shweta S. Joshi
creator: Bhumika M. Siddhpara
creator: Prexa M. Dudhagara
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bhushan M. Warpe, Shweta S. Joshi, Bhumika M. Siddhpara, Prexa M. Dudhagara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-26
publication date: 2026-02-26
starting page: 156
ending page: 159

Risk Profiling and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a District-Level Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: India has emerged as the diabetes capital of the world, a trend largely attributed to rapid industrialization and urbanisation, which have contributed to significant lifestyle changes and an epidemiological transition. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among people of Gandhinagar District. To identify and analyse the sociodemographic and lifestyle-related risk factors associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the district population. Material and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 600 participants selected from each of the four talukas of Gandhinagar, ensuring representation of both rural and urban populations through probability-proportional-to-size sampling. Data were collected using a pretested and predesigned proforma. Information on sociodemographic and behavioural factors, family history, and physical measurements was obtained. Random blood sugar (RBS) levels were measured for all participants; individuals with RBS >200 mg/dL underwent HbA1c testing. Data were analyzed using Excel 2019 and SPSS v27. Results: The prevalence of T2DM was 10.66% (64/600), with 37.5% (24/64) being newly diagnosed. Significant associations were observed with increasing age, reduced physical activity, smoking, and obesity (p<0.05). Insignificant associations were found with gender, socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, or frequency of eating meals outside the home. The highest prevalence was noted in the 46–55 years age group. Dehgam taluka exhibited the highest proportion of undiagnosed cases, which may be attributed to its predominantly rural population. Conclusion: High prevalence of modifiable risk factors, targeted primary prevention strategies are essential to curb the rising burden of T2DM in the region.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Gandhinagar
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  topic: keywords
creator: Karankumar A Desai
creator: Jinal Ben Nogas
creator: Pratik Parekh
creator: Ashadevi H Sisodiya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Karankumar A Desai, Jinal Ben Nogas, Pratik Parekh, Ashadevi H Sisodiya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-10
publication date: 2026-02-10
starting page: 140
ending page: 148

Bone Microarchitecture Quantification on High-Resolution Peripheral QCT in Pre-Menopausal Women
type: item
description: Bone health depends not only on bone mineral density (BMD) but also on microarchitectural integrity, which strongly influences skeletal strength and fracture risk. Conventional dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while widely used, provides only areal BMD and lacks the ability to capture three dimensional microarchitecture. This limitation is particularly important in premenopausal women, where fragility fractures may occur despite normal BMD values. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) overcomes these shortcomings by enabling in vivo, three-dimensional assessment of trabecular and cortical compartments with high spatial resolution. The technique provides volumetric BMD, detailed microstructural parameters, and finite element analysis (FEA)-based estimates of mechanical competence. This review synthesizes current evidence on the application of HR-pQCT in premenopausal women. Normative data demonstrate generally favourable trabecular and cortical profiles in this group, yet studies reveal that women with idiopathic osteoporosis or fragility fractures exhibit significant cortical thinning, increased porosity, and disrupted trabecular organization despite near-normal BMD. HR-pQCT has also provided insights into skeletal alterations in metabolic disorders, diabetes, amenorrhea, and endocrine diseases, underscoring its role in detecting early microstructural compromise. Moreover, FEA derived from HR-pQCT images offers functional estimates of stiffness and failure load, strengthening its predictive value for fracture risk. Despite its clinical promise, HR-pQCT adoption is limited by cost, availability, and lack of standardized reference ranges for premenopausal women. Nonetheless, ongoing technological advances and longitudinal research are likely to establish HR-pQCT as an essential tool for early detection of skeletal fragility, monitoring treatment response, and guiding preventive strategies in young women.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Bone Density/Bones pathology
  topic: keywords
subject: Tomography
  topic: keywords
subject: X-Ray Computed
  topic: keywords
subject: Osteoporosis diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Perimenopause
  topic: keywords
creator: Anshu Kumari
creator: Shivanshu Chauhan
creator: Ashish Kumar Shukla
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anshu Kumari, Shivanshu Chauhan , Ashish Kumar Shukla https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-27
publication date: 2026-04-27
starting page: 60
ending page: 68

A Descriptive Study of Clinical Profile of Fever with Thrombocytopenia at Tertiary Care Centre of Maharashtra
type: item
description: Introduction: Fever is a pervasive and ubiquitous theme in human myth, art and science. Fever is such a common manifestation of illness that it is not surprising to find accurate descriptions of the febrile patients in early-recorded history. A fever rarely comes without other symptoms and sign. It is often accompanied by specific complaints or pattern. Many times, it is associated with low platelet count. The normal platelet count is 150000-450000/ μL. Thrombocytopenia is defined as platelet count less than 150000/ μL. Material and Methods: The present study was prospective observational study conducted on patients, who were admitted at tertiary care hospital in urban setting during Feb 2013 to July 2014. This study conducted at Government medical college and Hospital, Latur. Sample size was 200. Results: The present study, conducted on 200 patients with fever and thrombocytopenia, revealed that the majority of cases occurred in young adults, with 57% belonging to the 15–30 years’ age group and a male predominance (M: F = 2.12:1). Dengue fever (40%) emerged as the leading cause, followed by malaria (33%), while septicemia (8%) was the most common contributor to mortality. Most patients presented with platelet counts less than 50,000/cumm showed bleeding manifestations 34% of cases, predominantly petechiae and purpura (70%). The overall recovery rate was good (96%), with mortality observed in 4% of cases, largely due to septicemia and severe thrombocytopenia (< 20,000/cumm). Conclusion: These findings emphasize that fever with thrombocytopenia is a significant clinical presentation in hospitals, requiring careful evaluation to differentiate between infectious etiologies.
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Fever
  topic: keywords
subject: Thrombocytopenia
  topic: keywords
subject: Petechiae
  topic: keywords
subject: Purpura
  topic: keywords
creator: Manoj Jagdale
creator: Pralhad Potdar
creator: Darshan Patel
creator: Amitkumar Patil
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Manoj Jagdale, Pralhad Potdar, Darshan Patel, Amitkumar Patil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
starting page: 118
ending page: 123

The Diagnostic Approach to Headache in Otorhinolaryngology: A Systematic Review
type: item
description: Headache is a broad term that encompasses various types of head and neck pain syndromes. It is a ubiquitous symptom that frequently prompts patient presentation to otorhinolaryngology (ENT) clinics. While most headaches are primary headache disorders, a significant proportion can be secondary to underlying pathologies within the head and neck, falling within the purview of ENT specialists. The challenge lies in differentiating benign primary headaches from potentially serious secondary causes. This systematic review aims to synthesize the current literature on the diagnostic approach to headaches in otorhinolaryngology, focusing on the essential elements of history taking, physical examination, specific ENT-related differential diagnoses, appropriate investigations, and the crucial role of red flag identification.
subject: Systematic Review
  topic: section
subject: Headache
  topic: keywords
subject: Sinus headache
  topic: keywords
subject: Sinusitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Contact point
  topic: keywords
subject: Otorhinolaryngologist
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary headaches
  topic: keywords
subject: History and physical
  topic: keywords
creator: Manish Gupta
creator: Monica Gupta
creator: Akanksha Gupta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Manish Gupta, Monica Gupta, Akanksha Gupta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-04
publication date: 2026-03-04
starting page: 167
ending page: 173

The Great Imitator: A Case Series of Leprosy Mimicking Other Diseases
type: item
description: Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is a formidable spectral disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations that often overlap with dermatologic, neurologic, and systemic disorders. This case series illustrates leprosy’s capacity to masquerade as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), and cutaneous lymphoma, emphasizing the challenges in timely diagnosis. Three patients demonstrated characteristic features of these distinct conditions: a young female presenting with malar rash and alopecia mimicking SLE, an elderly male with progressive neuropathy initially linked to AIDP following hepatitis B infection, and a middle-aged female with chronic indurated plaques and constitutional symptoms suggestive of cutaneous lymphoma. Despite initial diagnostic ambiguity guided by clinical and laboratory findings, histopathological evaluation with Fite-Faraco staining confirmed leprosy across all cases, revealing lepromatous to borderline tuberculoid subtypes. These cases reinforce leprosy’s reputation as a “great imitator” and underscore the necessity of including it in differential diagnoses for atypical presentations, even in non endemic regions. Histopathology remains indispensable for definitive diagnosis, particularly when classic signs such as sensory loss are subtle or not clinically apparent, or when nerve thickening is overlooked due to human error—underscoring the importance of sharpening clinical touch and thorough examination. Enhanced clinical suspicion and collaborative multidisciplinary evaluation are crucial to prevent diagnostic delays and mitigate long-term complications in this protean disease.
subject: Case Series
  topic: section
subject: Autoimmune disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Leprosy
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subject: Lymphoma
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subject: SLE
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creator: Maitri Patel
creator: Ritu Singh
creator: Roshni Vahora
creator: Ankush Ajbani
creator: Raksha Patel
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Maitri Patel, Ritu Singh, Roshni Vahora, Ankush Ajbani, Raksha Patel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-08
publication date: 2026-03-08
starting page: 174
ending page: 177